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MM

Matthew Morris

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Special K Chocolate Delight Presents:

Production of Hydrogen

Sophie Rudolph, Gunther Beall, Matthew Morris

Hydrogen Production

History

How to produce Hydrogen that is:

  • Environmentally friendly
  • Economically competitive
  • Efficient to produce on a large scale
  • Readily Available
  • Sustainable
  • Safe
  • The Development of fuel cells
  • Hydrogen functions as the fuel with oxygen
  • Produces electricity

  • Intelligent Energy (IE)
  • Developing CHP (combined heat and power) systems
  • Generate hydrogen from gas boiler, producing heat and power via a fuel cell system.
  • IE aimed to deploy a fleet of 50–100

hydrogen fuel cell taxis on the streets of

London in time for the 2012 Olympics.

Impact

  • Transportation
  • Cars, buses, planes, boats etc.
  • Energy Storage
  • Wind, solar, water, geothermal, etc.
  • Infrastructure

http://www.sciencedirect.com.proxy.lib.ohio-state.edu/science/article/pii/S1464285909702688?np=y

So What?

http://www.nytimes.com/2007/12/09/automobiles/autoreviews/09HONDA.html

  • Fossil fuels are not a long-term sustainable source of energy
  • Hydrogen could be used to help mitigate fossil fuel limitations
  • How can the aforementioned necessities be met?

1

Process Overview

Using Wind Power

Advantages

  • Sustainable; no fossil fuels
  • Efficient energy for electrolysis
  • Technology available for abundant production
  • Produces hydrogen and electricity
  • Hydrogen retail price similar to gasoline

Disadvantages

  • Wind farms are large and expensive
  • Intermittent source of energy
  • Cost, energy, and time to transport hydrogen

http://inhabitat.com/tag/wind-farm/

http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy05osti/38210.pdf

http://www.powertogas.info/

Lolland, Denmark

Biogas

Biogas =

the result of the digestion process of biomass from sources like animal waste, sewage treatment plants, landfills, etc.

  • Hydrogen is one of the gases produced from this process. It is widely used in the chemical industry because of its high energy capacity (larger than any other substance.
  • It was estimated that by 2013 the global H2 demand would increase 18%.
  • A city established in 2006
  • Produced more electricity from wind than was used
  • Decided to create hydrogen through electrolysis
  • Underground pipes connect homes to hydrogen plant
  • A house contains a 2kW fuel cell to provide heat and additional electricity from the Hydrogen
  • About 35-40 households are fully functional, or being adapted

Disadvantages

  • Requires refinement processes that are still is developmental stages
  • Low concentration of hydrogen in biogas

Alves, Helton J, Junior C. Bley, Rafael R. Niklevicz, Elisandro P. Frigo, Michelle S. Frigo, and Carlos H. Coimbra-Araújo. "Overview of Hydrogen Production Technologies from Biogas and the Applications in Fuel Cells." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 38.13 (2013): 5215-5225. Print.

http://www.treehugger.com/clean-technology/hydrogen-community-lolland-the-future-is-here.html

http://www.dac.dk/en/dac-cities/sustainable-cities/all-cases/energy/vestenskov-the-worlds-first-hydrogen-community/

2

Using Thermolysis of Methane in a Solar Reactor

Advantages

  • Sustainable: runs on solar power
  • Useful by-product: carbon nano-materials
  • Can be run by hydrogen gas once the reactor has been started with the use of helium gas
  • Efficient and cost effective on a large scale

Disadvantages

  • Solar power can be varied
  • Cost, energy, and time to transport hydrogen

Yeheskel, Jacob, and Michael Epstein. "Thermolysis of Methane in a Solar Reactor for Mass-production of Hydrogen and Carbon Nano-materials." Carbon 49.14 (2011): 4695-703. Web.

3

October 31st, 2016 -

Abate, By Tom. "Stanford Engineers Set Record for Capturing and Storing Solar Energy in Hydrogen Fuel | Stanford News." Stanford News. 31 Oct. 2016. Web. 02 Nov. 2016.

"Stanford engineers set record for capturing a storing solar energy in hydrogen fuel"

  • A team at Stanford used electricity from sunlight to split water molecules into hydrogen and oxygen, which is not a new process but...
  • They were able to convert and store 30.0% of the energy captured from the solar cells into stored hydrogen. The previous record was 24.4%.

There IS a caveat,

The team achieved this by using high-tech, and more expensive solar cells and a more complex electrolysis process for splitting up the water molecules. This news is great proof-of-principle but the industrial applications are far from being feasible.

Next step?

The Future

Find ways to get similar results with less expensive materials and devices so that this green technology can compete with conventional fuels.

Using Biofuels

  • Problems yet to solve
  • Cost to produce
  • Greater energy input than output
  • Technology and current systems
  • Grassroots vs large scale production

  • What does the future of energy look like?

2025

2026

2027

Advantages

  • Cost efficient catalysts are being discovered and created
  • Can have high percentage yields
  • More efficient than using excess renewable energy

Disadvantages

  • Produces byproducts such as CO and CO2
  • Cost: some catalysts are expensive
  • Products need to be refined
  • High temperature are needed for some of the reactions to initiate

2022

2023

2024

2019

2020

2021

2016 2017

2018

????

2034

2035

????

2031

2032

2033

2028

2029

2030

Panagiotopoulou, Paraskevi, Christina Papadopoulou, Haris Matralis, and Xenophon Verykios. "Production of Renewable Hydrogen by Reformation of Biofuels." Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Energy and Environment 3.3 (2013): 231-53. Web

In Closing

  • Hydrogen can be used as a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels
  • It can be produced in many ways
  • wind power
  • thermolysis (using solar power)
  • biofuels
  • biogas
  • Problem: Implementation

  • Any questions?

Sources Cited

http://www.powertogas.info/

http://inhabitat.com/tag/wind-farm/

J.I. Levene. (2005, May 15). Economic Analysis of Hydrogen Production from

Wind. [Online]. Available: http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy05osti/38210.pdf

http://www.treehugger.com/clean-technology/hydrogen-community-lolland-the-future-is-here.html

http://www.dac.dk/en/dac-cities/sustainable-cities/all-cases/energy/vestenskov-the-worlds-first-hydrogen-community/

Panagiotopoulou, Paraskevi, Christina Papadopoulou, Haris Matralis, and Xenophon Verykios. "Production of Renewable Hydrogen by Reformation of Biofuels." Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Energy and Environment 3.3 (2013): 231-53. Web

Yeheskel, Jacob, and Michael Epstein. "Thermolysis of Methane in a Solar Reactor for Mass-production of Hydrogen and Carbon Nano-materials." Carbon 49.14 (2011): 4695-703. Web.