Childhood Growth and Development

Factors Affecting Growth and Development

• Nutrition-growth retardation and childhood obesity
• Physical Activity-hypertrophy and atrophy
• Illness- self-regulatory growth
• Lifestyle-secular trends
• Age
• Individuality of learner
• Genetic inheritance

-is the gradual progression from the gross global movement patterns of infants to the more refined and functional movements of children as they mature.

- refers to the coordinated interaction of opposing muscle and sensory systems

Early vs Later Childhood Development

• Growth at slow but steady pace, annual height gains
• Children are active and energetic

• Children increasingly able to express thoughts and ideas verbally
• Learn the "how" and "why" actions through active play

• Fearful of new situations, unwilling to leave security of familiar situations
• Learning to figure out right from wrong

• Hand preference is established
• Visual-perceptual abilities fully developed by end of period

• Eager to learn and please adults, need some guidance
• good imaginations and display extremely creative minds

• Group interaction and team work improve
• Adventurous and eager to be involved in "dangerous" or "secret" activities

Football Skills

• Blocking
• Tackling

• Running
• Jumping

• Passing
• Catching

Gallahue's Glass Model

Reflexive Movement Phase

Rudimentary Movement Phase

Fundamental Movement Phase

Specialized Movement Phase

Stages of Development

• Relatively crude and uncoordinated movements

• Coordination and rhythmical performanceimprove
• Greater control over their movements
• Still somewhat awkward and lacking fluidity

• Well coordinated
• Mechanically correct
• Efficient act

Differentiation

Integration

Later

Early

Manipulative Movements

Stability

Locomotor

Motor Characteristics

Cognitive Characteristics

Affective Characteristics

• 2 to 7 years old

• Utero to 1 year old

Mature

Initial

• Birth to 2 years old

• 7 years old and up

Elementary