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Glory Road

Great Debaters

Fine Arts in Jim Crow

John Biggers

Juneteenth 1865

Juneteenth is the oldest known celebration commemorating the ending of slavery in the United States. Dating back to 1865, it was on June 19th that the Union soldiers, led by Major General Gordon Granger, landed at Galveston, Texas with news that the war had ended and that the enslaved were now free. Note that this was two and a half years after President Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation - which had become official January 1, 1863. The Emancipation Proclamation had little impact on the Texans due to the minimal number of Union troops to enforce the new Executive Order. However, with the surrender of General Lee in April of 1865, and the arrival of General Granger’s regiment, the forces were finally strong enough to influence and overcome the resistance.

Later attempts to explain this two and a half year delay in the receipt of this important news have yielded several versions that have been handed down through the years. Often told is the story of a messenger who was murdered on his way to Texas with the news of freedom. Another, is that the news was deliberately withheld by the enslavers to maintain the labor force on the plantations. And still another, is that federal troops actually waited for the slave owners to reap the benefits of one last cotton harvest before going to Texas to enforce the Emancipation Proclamation. All of which, or neither of these version could be true. Certainly, for some, President Lincoln's authority over the rebellious states was in question For whatever the reasons, conditions in Texas remained status quo well beyond what was statutory.

Strange Fruit

Strange Demise of Jim Crow Houston

Civil Rights Act of 1866

Events

Emmitt Till

http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/the-death-of-emmett-till

Andrew Johnson's veto

http:teachingamericanhistory.org/library/document/the-civil-rights-act-of-1866/

Jim Crow Houston

Media

Jack Johnson

James Farmer

Anyone who said he wasn't afraid during the civil rights movement was either a liar or without imagination.

I was scared all the time. My hands didn't shake but inside I was shaking.

Henry O. Flipper

Camp Logan 1917

Sweatt vs. Painter 1950

http://jamesfarmer.umwblogs.org/

Camp Logan Riots

  • Great Debaters
  • Glory Road
  • Great White Hope
  • Strange Demise of Jim Crow
  • American Violet
  • Jasper

Individuals in Civil Rights

https://www.khou.com/video/news/local/khou-documentary-on-1917-camp-logan-riot/285-2697400

  • Henry Ossian Flipper
  • James Farmer
  • Lula White
  • Barbara Jordan
  • LBJ

Lula White

Barbara Jordan

American Violet

Jasper

There is no obstacle in the path of young people who are poor or members of minority groups that hard work and preparation cannot cure.

Barbara Jordan

Lyndon B. Johnson

http://www.lbjlibrary.org/education

Civil Rights In Texas

Liberty to Equality

Juneteenth 1865

Sweatt vs. Painter

http://www.houseofrussell.com/legalhistory/sweatt/inf/HI-index.htm

Houston Informer newspaper articles: primary source

General Order Number 3

One of General Granger’s first orders of business was to read to the people of Texas, General Order Number 3 which began most significantly with:

"The people of Texas are informed that in accordance with a Proclamation from the Executive of the United States, all slaves are free.

This involves an absolute equality of rights and rights of property between former masters and slaves, and the connection heretofore existing between them becomes that between employer and free laborer."

"we live as a group, and what affects one, affects the whole group; and I belonged to was not wanted" Heman Sweatt

Documents

Quotes:

Unit objectives:

  • understand the significance role of individuals and civil rights in Texas
  • causes and effects of significant events in Jim Crow Texas
  • analyze primary sources about civil rights events in Texas
  • interpret media sources for content
  • utilize additional resources for analysis and understanding
  • interpret quotes for abstract meaning
  • write a conclusion paragraph

A community is democratic only when the humblest and weakest person can enjoy

the highest civil, economic, and social rights that the biggest and most powerful possess.

A. Philip Randolph

“Racism was the belief that race has something to do with intelligence, character and morality. Racism was a concept that some races are inferior and others are superior. That’s a lie.”

Source: “James Farmer Shares Outlooks on Racism,” The Mary Washington Bullet, April 18, 1996.

Education remains the key to both economic and political empowerment.

Barbara Jordan

Civil Rights Act 1964

We are a people in a quandary about the present. We are a people in search of our future. We are a people in search of a national community. Barbara Jordon

  • Juneteenth 1865
  • Smith vs. Allwright 1944
  • Sweatt vs. Painter 1950
  • Civil Rights Act 1964
  • XXIV Amendment 1964

Smith vs. Allwright

By the 1960s, many of us believed that the Civil Rights Movement could eliminate racism in America during our lifetime. But despite significant progress, racism remains. Bill Cosby

“The words 'bad timing' came to be ghosts haunting our every move in Birmingham.

Yet people who used this argument were ignorant of the background of our planning...they did not realize that it was ridiculous to speak of timing when the clock of history showed that the Negro had already suffered one hundred years of delay.”

― Martin Luther King Jr., Why We Can't Wait

A child born to a Black mother in a state like Mississippi... has exactly the same rights as a white baby born to the wealthiest person in the United States. It's not true, but I challenge anyone to say it is not a goal worth working for.

Thurgood Marshall

Jim Crow Texas

24th Amendment

Questions and tasks

Reconstruction Amendments

Black Codes Texas

What ways were the civil rights movement in Texas different than in other Southern states?

Who were the local and state leaders for the Texas civil rights movement?

What were the effects on the state and federal levels for the Texas civil righs movement?

Resources Bibliography

Strategy for analyzing primary sources

Short answer format-paragraphs

Writing conclusion paragraphs

comparing media sources for analysis

interpreting quotes for meaning

  • Created Equal http://createdequal.neh.gov/for-teachers
  • Jim Crow http://www.pbs.org/wnet/jimcrow/index.html
  • TSHA http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/african-americans
  • Houston Informer http://www.houseofrussell.com/legalhistory/sweatt/inf/HI-index.htm
  • James Farmer http://jamesfarmer.umwblogs.org/
  • Remembering Jim Crow http://americanradioworks.publicradio.org/features/remembering/bitter.html
  • http://teachingamericanhistory.org/library/civil-rights/
  • http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/index.cfm
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