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What are the benefits & problems of the 2 different kinds of microscopy?
Why organelles?
All cells must do the following things to stay alive:
Many cells will also do the following :
Proteins are the molecules that a cell uses to do most of its work.
Here is a brief list of things that proteins do:
We have previously discussed protein structure.
The instructions to build proteins are stored in DNA (we can call them "genes")
Any Questions?
Why does life require cells?
How are cells organized?
What is the advantage to having organelles?
How do the interactions of cellular components allow for life processes?
Explain the cell theory
Compare different types of microscopy.
Explain why there are no giant cells around.
Refine your contrast of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
Relate the structure and function of the organelles in this presentation.
Explain the interactions of the organelles in this presentation.
Explain how the organelles in this presentation provide for essential life processes.
Dead White Men Who Discovered (and were made of) Cells:
Prokaryotic
Light Microscopy:
A way to isolate different components of cells for detailed study
Cells exist in the 10 um - 1 mm size range.
Cell Theory:
Eukaryotic
There are physical constraints on cell size:
Electron Microscopy:
(photoautotrophic)
(chemoheterotrophic)
First person to look at biological material under a high powered (~100X) microscope
Coined the term "cells" to describe the appearance of cork under a microscope
...These are not the only 2 contributions
Cytology: The study of cells
An overview of eukaryotic protein synthesis
Structure: a double membrane, with protein pore channels
Function: site of DNA storage and replication, information relay to ribosomes
Structure: a complex of RNA and protein. 2 subunits ("large" & "small"). Eukaryotic ribosomes are larger than prokaryotic ribosomes.
Function: site of protein synthesis, using an RNA transcript of a gene
How eukaryotic cells send proteins from ribosomes to their particular destinations
"Free":
"Bound":
Ribosomes become free/bound based on the protein they are making
Structure: a network of membrane channels attached to the nuclear membrane.
2 kinds:
Structure: A small compartment surrounded by membrane
Function: Various, depending on the contents.
Function: Rough ER compartmentalizes the cell, provides structural support, & targeted protein synthesis. Smooth ER synthesizes lipids for the cell (for things like membrane), detoxifies compounds, breaks down glycogen.
Structure: A series of flattened, mebrane-bound sacs
Function: synthesis, modification & packaging of molecules
Structure: a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins.
Function: Controls transport of matter into and out of cell.
Receives/Sends messages with environment.