COMMUNIST LEADER
NICOLAE
???????????? go-getter individual who starts and build businesses
ENTREPRENEUR
????????????? effect investment in multiplying related jobs for each job
MULTIPLIER EFFECT
What is "Ethnic Cleansing" ?
process of driving other groups of out the region
The End
BULGARIA
ECONOMY
PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS
- Early 1990s turned away from communism and now have a democratic government
- First year of freedom, economy went but soon found market for its good in western nations
- Foreign investments helped
- Inflation dropped as country currency was stabilized
- located south of Danube from Romania
- known as the "Garden of Eastern Europe"
- fertile soil of the Danube Plains and the plains south of Balkan Mt.
- summers are warm, winter are mild
ALBANIA
Romania
PEOPLE
- Bulgarians a are Slavic people
- Russians have been strong supporter of native Bulgarians because Bulgarians welcomed Soviet control after WW1
INFO
ECONOMY
HOPE
NICOLAE
ECONOMY
- Beside Adriatic Sea in SW part of Peninsula
- 3.5 million people
- known as "Europe's Hermit"
- felt threatened by neighboring nations
- After WW2, communist leaders turned away from former Soviet Union and China
- left Albania one of the poorest nations in Europe
- Since end of Communism -1990s, country been receiving billions of $$ from foreign nations and from former Albania who moved
- Albania earn less than $100 a month
- Italian and Greek manufacturers took advantage of low wage by building factories there
- First communist leader oversaw a soviet-style industrialization
- 2nd leader, Nicolae Ceausescu, led nation to economic chaos
- 1989 - forced out of office and executed
- 1990 - economy worsen w/ an ineffective government
- An American soft drink maker spent $150 million to build its operation
- Investment helped 25,000 shops
- ENTREPRENEUR - go-getter individual who starts and build businesses --- made fortunes
- MULTIPLIER EFFECT - which effect investment in multiplying related jobs for each job --- that soft drink company created
- Hope will bring changes to Romania and to Eastern Europe
*SMH*
PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS
- Broad plains with fertile soil along Danube River
- Up North, foothills of Carpathian Mt. contains many minerals
- country have been impoverished in recent decades
PEOPLE
- 23 million people
- Romanian ethnic group
- language derived from Latin
- practice the Eastern Orthodox faith
FORMER YUGOSLAVIA
OTHER BALKAN NATIONS
SERBIA & MONTENEGRO
CROATIA
SLOVENIA
- 3/4 of the 5 million are Croats
- Croats descended from same people as Serbs
- language is identical
- 1980s - tensions
- Slovenia, Croatia, Macedonia, Bosnia-Herzegovia departed
Croats
Serbs
- 2 million are Slovenes
- Located in the Julian Alps
- Close ties w/ Western European nations
- Industrial development took place started earlier here than other parts of the peninsula
- Solid industrial base
- expected to recover quickly
- Kept the name Yugoslavia for their own union
- 6.5 million people
- Includes rugged peaks of Montenegro and fertile plains of Danube valley in Serbia (farming takes place)
- poorly developed industries
- economic disaster after breakup, wars and political problems
- production of good dropped
- more than 50% unemployment
- mid 1990s production and wages increased
- ethnic tension still threaten the region
- Bosnia-Herzegovina - Muslim, ethnic Croats and Serbs fought for power for 4 years
- 250,000 died;2 million lost homes
- "Ethnic Cleansing" - process of driving other groups out of regions captured by Serbs
- 1995 - peace treaty set up by NATO resulted in division of ethnic lines
- Roman Catholics
- use Latin alphabets
- Eastern Orthodoxy
- uses Cyrillic alphabets
- Slovenia was afraid other republics would drag them down into poverty
- Croatia feared wealth from tourist business would be taken
- 1991 both declared independence
- leaving Serbia and Montenegro
Balkan Nations
- Yugoslavia most complex nation after WW1
- 6 separate republics
- held together by strict communist rule
- 2 dozen different ethnic groups
Differences increased by frequent conflicts between the 2 groups
- Divided into small nations
- Share historical experiences
- Ruled by Turks
- Most fell into Communist after 1948
- Antis overturned the government (late 1980s-early 1990s)
- conflicts continued to affect the regions
KOSOVO
BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA
MACEDONIA
- 1999 - another ethnic cleansing
- force Albanian out of Kosovo
- NATO forces intervened with airborne bombing campaign
- resulted in devastation for the Yugoslavia
- Population was a complex mix (Serbs, Croats, Muslims)
- 1996 - peace treaty dived nation into 2 (group differences)
- Civil War = poorer
- Foreign aid = people stay alive
- 1994 - United Nations & NATO sent 1 million tons of food & medicine
- Exported many natural resources
- Stayed quiet while conflicts erupted between other republics
- hampered economy because of complicated trade w/ Greece & Albania
- language - Macedonian be 1 official language as well as another w/ 20% of population
- felt single official language ensure national unity
- Late 1990s - key point of conflicts
- Tensions grew when Serbian government ended self-rule in region
- Kosovo Liberation Army waged guerillas war against the Serbs
- 1999 unsuccessful peace talks, NATO launched air strikes against Serbian targets
- region's economy was devastated
- massive aid effort needed
- large # of refugees lived in temporary shelter
CHAPTER 19
SECTION 3
The Balkan Peninsula
Questions
Balkan Peninsula
Who is this guy?