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COMMUNIST LEADER

NICOLAE

???????????? go-getter individual who starts and build businesses

ENTREPRENEUR

????????????? effect investment in multiplying related jobs for each job

MULTIPLIER EFFECT

What is "Ethnic Cleansing" ?

process of driving other groups of out the region

The End

BULGARIA

ECONOMY

PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS

  • Early 1990s turned away from communism and now have a democratic government
  • First year of freedom, economy went but soon found market for its good in western nations
  • Foreign investments helped
  • Inflation dropped as country currency was stabilized
  • located south of Danube from Romania
  • known as the "Garden of Eastern Europe"
  • fertile soil of the Danube Plains and the plains south of Balkan Mt.
  • summers are warm, winter are mild

ALBANIA

Romania

PEOPLE

  • Bulgarians a are Slavic people
  • Russians have been strong supporter of native Bulgarians because Bulgarians welcomed Soviet control after WW1

INFO

ECONOMY

HOPE

NICOLAE

ECONOMY

  • Beside Adriatic Sea in SW part of Peninsula
  • 3.5 million people
  • known as "Europe's Hermit"
  • felt threatened by neighboring nations
  • After WW2, communist leaders turned away from former Soviet Union and China
  • left Albania one of the poorest nations in Europe
  • Since end of Communism -1990s, country been receiving billions of $$ from foreign nations and from former Albania who moved
  • Albania earn less than $100 a month
  • Italian and Greek manufacturers took advantage of low wage by building factories there
  • First communist leader oversaw a soviet-style industrialization
  • 2nd leader, Nicolae Ceausescu, led nation to economic chaos
  • 1989 - forced out of office and executed
  • 1990 - economy worsen w/ an ineffective government
  • An American soft drink maker spent $150 million to build its operation
  • Investment helped 25,000 shops
  • ENTREPRENEUR - go-getter individual who starts and build businesses --- made fortunes
  • MULTIPLIER EFFECT - which effect investment in multiplying related jobs for each job --- that soft drink company created
  • Hope will bring changes to Romania and to Eastern Europe

*SMH*

PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS

  • Broad plains with fertile soil along Danube River
  • Up North, foothills of Carpathian Mt. contains many minerals
  • country have been impoverished in recent decades

PEOPLE

  • 23 million people
  • Romanian ethnic group
  • language derived from Latin
  • practice the Eastern Orthodox faith

FORMER YUGOSLAVIA

OTHER BALKAN NATIONS

SERBIA & MONTENEGRO

CROATIA

SLOVENIA

  • 3/4 of the 5 million are Croats
  • Croats descended from same people as Serbs
  • language is identical
  • 1980s - tensions
  • Slovenia, Croatia, Macedonia, Bosnia-Herzegovia departed

Croats

Serbs

  • 2 million are Slovenes
  • Located in the Julian Alps
  • Close ties w/ Western European nations
  • Industrial development took place started earlier here than other parts of the peninsula
  • Solid industrial base
  • expected to recover quickly
  • Kept the name Yugoslavia for their own union
  • 6.5 million people

  • Includes rugged peaks of Montenegro and fertile plains of Danube valley in Serbia (farming takes place)
  • poorly developed industries
  • economic disaster after breakup, wars and political problems
  • production of good dropped
  • more than 50% unemployment
  • mid 1990s production and wages increased
  • ethnic tension still threaten the region
  • Bosnia-Herzegovina - Muslim, ethnic Croats and Serbs fought for power for 4 years
  • 250,000 died;2 million lost homes
  • "Ethnic Cleansing" - process of driving other groups out of regions captured by Serbs
  • 1995 - peace treaty set up by NATO resulted in division of ethnic lines
  • Roman Catholics
  • use Latin alphabets
  • Eastern Orthodoxy
  • uses Cyrillic alphabets
  • Slovenia was afraid other republics would drag them down into poverty
  • Croatia feared wealth from tourist business would be taken
  • 1991 both declared independence
  • leaving Serbia and Montenegro

Balkan Nations

  • Yugoslavia most complex nation after WW1
  • 6 separate republics
  • held together by strict communist rule
  • 2 dozen different ethnic groups

Differences increased by frequent conflicts between the 2 groups

  • Divided into small nations
  • Share historical experiences
  • Ruled by Turks
  • Most fell into Communist after 1948
  • Antis overturned the government (late 1980s-early 1990s)
  • conflicts continued to affect the regions

KOSOVO

BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA

MACEDONIA

  • 1999 - another ethnic cleansing
  • force Albanian out of Kosovo
  • NATO forces intervened with airborne bombing campaign
  • resulted in devastation for the Yugoslavia
  • Population was a complex mix (Serbs, Croats, Muslims)
  • 1996 - peace treaty dived nation into 2 (group differences)
  • Civil War = poorer
  • Foreign aid = people stay alive
  • 1994 - United Nations & NATO sent 1 million tons of food & medicine
  • Exported many natural resources
  • Stayed quiet while conflicts erupted between other republics
  • hampered economy because of complicated trade w/ Greece & Albania
  • language - Macedonian be 1 official language as well as another w/ 20% of population
  • felt single official language ensure national unity
  • Late 1990s - key point of conflicts
  • Tensions grew when Serbian government ended self-rule in region
  • Kosovo Liberation Army waged guerillas war against the Serbs
  • 1999 unsuccessful peace talks, NATO launched air strikes against Serbian targets
  • region's economy was devastated
  • massive aid effort needed
  • large # of refugees lived in temporary shelter

CHAPTER 19

SECTION 3

The Balkan Peninsula

By: ME

Questions

Balkan Peninsula

Who is this guy?

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