China and the New Imperialism
Tre'Von Rucker
THANK YOU FOR WATCHING MY PRESENTATION
Carving Spheres of Influence
Boxer Uprising
- The defeat revealed the weaknesses of China
- Western powers moved quickly to carve spheres of influences on the Chinese
- The British took the Chang River valley
- The French took territory near their colony of Indochina
- Some territory in northern China was taken by Russia and Germany
- The United States did not take part in the carving of China in concern that European powers might shut out American merchants
- In 1899 a policy was called for to keep Chinese trading open to everyone on an equal basis known as the Open Door Policy
War in Japan
- Anti-foreign feelings exploded in the Boxer Uprising
- In 1899 a group of Chinese had created a secret society known as Righteous Harmonious Fists
- Western dubbed then Boxers
- Their goal was to drive out the foreigners that were polluting the land
- In 1900 the Boxers attacked foreigners across China
- Western powers and Japan organized a multinational force.
- The force crushed the Boxers and rescued the foreigners besieged in Beijing
Opium War cont.
- The Western powers and nearby Japan moved quickly ahead
- Japan started to modernize after 1868
- Japan joined the Western imperialist in the competition for a global empire
- Japan pressure on China in 1894 led to the Sino-Japanese War.
- It lead to Japan gaining the island of Taiwan
- In 1839 the Chinese warships clashed with British merchants and started the Opium War.
- China's outdated weaponry caused them to be easliy defeated.
Aftermath of the Uprising
The Opium War
Objective
Three Principles of the People
Trading Between Britian and China
- China had to make concessions for foreigners
- The defeat forced Chinese conservatives to support Westernization
- China allowed women in schools and stressed on math and science in place of Confucian
- China also expanded economically
- Mining, banking, shipping, railroads and exports of cash crops grew
- During the late 1700s British merchants started to make a big profit by trading opium (grow in India) for Chinese tea
- Many Chinese people started to become addcted to the drug
- Silver was flown out of China for the drug and it disrupted the economy
- The government outlawed opium and executed the Chinese Opium dealers.
- They asked Britain to stop the trade but the refused say they have to right of free trade.
- Before the 1800's Chinese rulers had strict limitations to foreign trading
- European merchants were sold silk, porcine and tea in exchange for gold and sliver
- The west gained a superior military because of China's relations with the western world.
- To analyze the causes and consequences of the 19th century imperialism
- To describe the key events that occurred during the decline of the Qing China
Unequal Treaties
- Even though the Boxer Uprising failed the flames of Chinese nationalism
- By the early 1900s a constitutional monarchy was introduced, some called it a republic
- A spokesman for the Chinese republic was Sun Yixian
- In the early 1900s he created the Revolutionary Alliance to rebuild China on "Three Principles of the People"( Nationalism, Democracy and livelihood)
- In 1842 Britian made China accept the Treaty of Nanjing
- Britian got huge payments for the losses in the war
- The British gained the island of Hong Kong.
- China had to open five ports for foreign trade and grant British citizens into China extraterritoriality.
Terms to Know-
Launching Reform Efforts
Extraterritoriality- Rights for foreigners to be protected by the laws in their own nation
Taiping Rebellion- Peasant revolt in China
Sino-Japaneses War- War between China and Japan, which resulted in Japan gaining Taiwan
Open Door Policy- America's approach to China around 1900, favoring open trade relations between China and other nations
Boxer Uprising- Anti-foreign movement in China from 1898-1900
The Taiping Rebellion Weakens China
The Qing Dynasty Falls
- By the mid-1800s educated Chinese people were divided over the need to adopted the westerns ways.
- Most seen no reason for new industries since China's wealth and taxes came from its land
- By the late 1800s the empress Ci Xi gained control.
Hundred Days of Reform
- At the end of the century China was in turmoil
- Anger grew against Christian missionaries who threatened traditional Chinese Confucianism
- The presence of foreigner troops was a source of disconnect
- Protected by extraterritoriality , foreigners ignored Chinese Laws and lived in their own communities
- By the 1800s the Qing dynasty begun to decline
- Canals and irrigation systems were poorly maintained which soon caused massive flooding of the Huang valley.
- As misery and poverty increased peasants rebelled
- The Taiping Rebellion lasted from 1850 to 1864, it was probably one of the most devastating revolt by peasants in history.
- The rebellion almost caused the collapse of the Qing dynasty but its government survived but shared power with regional commanders.
Self-Strengthening Movement
- After being humiliated by the Westerners and defeated by Japan Chinese Reformers blamed conservative official for not modernizing China
- in 1898 a young emperor Guang Xu launched the Hundred Days of Reform
- There were many different laws placed to modernize the streamline government, civil services exams and encourage new industries
- The reforms affected the military, schools and the bureaucracy
- Conservatives rallied against the reform efforts
- The emperor was imprisoned and the aging empress Ci Xi reasserted control
- The " self-strengthening movement" was launched by reformers in the 1860s
- They started to step up factories to make modern weapons
- They developed railroads, shipyards,mining and light industry.
- The Chinese translated works on government, science, and economy.
- The movement made a limited progress becasue the government did rally behind it
Birth of a Republic
- When Ci Xi died in 1908 and a two-year-old boy took the throne China went into chaos.
- In 1911 uprising in the province quickly spread
- In December 1911 Sun Yixian was named the president of the new Chinese Republic