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China and the New Imperialism

Tre'Von Rucker

THANK YOU FOR WATCHING MY PRESENTATION

Carving Spheres of Influence

Boxer Uprising

  • The defeat revealed the weaknesses of China
  • Western powers moved quickly to carve spheres of influences on the Chinese
  • The British took the Chang River valley
  • The French took territory near their colony of Indochina
  • Some territory in northern China was taken by Russia and Germany
  • The United States did not take part in the carving of China in concern that European powers might shut out American merchants
  • In 1899 a policy was called for to keep Chinese trading open to everyone on an equal basis known as the Open Door Policy

War in Japan

  • Anti-foreign feelings exploded in the Boxer Uprising
  • In 1899 a group of Chinese had created a secret society known as Righteous Harmonious Fists
  • Western dubbed then Boxers
  • Their goal was to drive out the foreigners that were polluting the land
  • In 1900 the Boxers attacked foreigners across China
  • Western powers and Japan organized a multinational force.
  • The force crushed the Boxers and rescued the foreigners besieged in Beijing

Opium War cont.

  • The Western powers and nearby Japan moved quickly ahead
  • Japan started to modernize after 1868
  • Japan joined the Western imperialist in the competition for a global empire
  • Japan pressure on China in 1894 led to the Sino-Japanese War.
  • It lead to Japan gaining the island of Taiwan

  • In 1839 the Chinese warships clashed with British merchants and started the Opium War.
  • China's outdated weaponry caused them to be easliy defeated.

Aftermath of the Uprising

The Opium War

Objective

Three Principles of the People

Trading Between Britian and China

  • China had to make concessions for foreigners
  • The defeat forced Chinese conservatives to support Westernization
  • China allowed women in schools and stressed on math and science in place of Confucian
  • China also expanded economically
  • Mining, banking, shipping, railroads and exports of cash crops grew
  • During the late 1700s British merchants started to make a big profit by trading opium (grow in India) for Chinese tea
  • Many Chinese people started to become addcted to the drug
  • Silver was flown out of China for the drug and it disrupted the economy
  • The government outlawed opium and executed the Chinese Opium dealers.
  • They asked Britain to stop the trade but the refused say they have to right of free trade.
  • Before the 1800's Chinese rulers had strict limitations to foreign trading
  • European merchants were sold silk, porcine and tea in exchange for gold and sliver
  • The west gained a superior military because of China's relations with the western world.

  • To analyze the causes and consequences of the 19th century imperialism
  • To describe the key events that occurred during the decline of the Qing China

Unequal Treaties

  • Even though the Boxer Uprising failed the flames of Chinese nationalism
  • By the early 1900s a constitutional monarchy was introduced, some called it a republic
  • A spokesman for the Chinese republic was Sun Yixian
  • In the early 1900s he created the Revolutionary Alliance to rebuild China on "Three Principles of the People"( Nationalism, Democracy and livelihood)
  • In 1842 Britian made China accept the Treaty of Nanjing
  • Britian got huge payments for the losses in the war
  • The British gained the island of Hong Kong.
  • China had to open five ports for foreign trade and grant British citizens into China extraterritoriality.

Terms to Know-

Launching Reform Efforts

Extraterritoriality- Rights for foreigners to be protected by the laws in their own nation

Taiping Rebellion- Peasant revolt in China

Sino-Japaneses War- War between China and Japan, which resulted in Japan gaining Taiwan

Open Door Policy- America's approach to China around 1900, favoring open trade relations between China and other nations

Boxer Uprising- Anti-foreign movement in China from 1898-1900

The Taiping Rebellion Weakens China

The Qing Dynasty Falls

  • By the mid-1800s educated Chinese people were divided over the need to adopted the westerns ways.
  • Most seen no reason for new industries since China's wealth and taxes came from its land
  • By the late 1800s the empress Ci Xi gained control.

Hundred Days of Reform

  • At the end of the century China was in turmoil
  • Anger grew against Christian missionaries who threatened traditional Chinese Confucianism
  • The presence of foreigner troops was a source of disconnect
  • Protected by extraterritoriality , foreigners ignored Chinese Laws and lived in their own communities
  • By the 1800s the Qing dynasty begun to decline
  • Canals and irrigation systems were poorly maintained which soon caused massive flooding of the Huang valley.
  • As misery and poverty increased peasants rebelled
  • The Taiping Rebellion lasted from 1850 to 1864, it was probably one of the most devastating revolt by peasants in history.
  • The rebellion almost caused the collapse of the Qing dynasty but its government survived but shared power with regional commanders.

Self-Strengthening Movement

  • After being humiliated by the Westerners and defeated by Japan Chinese Reformers blamed conservative official for not modernizing China
  • in 1898 a young emperor Guang Xu launched the Hundred Days of Reform
  • There were many different laws placed to modernize the streamline government, civil services exams and encourage new industries
  • The reforms affected the military, schools and the bureaucracy
  • Conservatives rallied against the reform efforts
  • The emperor was imprisoned and the aging empress Ci Xi reasserted control
  • The " self-strengthening movement" was launched by reformers in the 1860s
  • They started to step up factories to make modern weapons
  • They developed railroads, shipyards,mining and light industry.
  • The Chinese translated works on government, science, and economy.
  • The movement made a limited progress becasue the government did rally behind it

Birth of a Republic

  • When Ci Xi died in 1908 and a two-year-old boy took the throne China went into chaos.
  • In 1911 uprising in the province quickly spread
  • In December 1911 Sun Yixian was named the president of the new Chinese Republic
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