Zimbabwe

Zimbabwe

Pre-colonial Era (1000-1887)

• Kingdom of Mapungubwe (1075-1220)
• Kingdom of Zimbabwe (1220-1450)
• Kingdom of Mutapa (1450-1760)/Kingdom of Butua (1450-1683)
• Early European settlement (1500s)
• Rozwi Empire (1684-1834)
• Matabeleland (1837-1894)

• Bantu-speaking societies migration in 9th century
• Limpopo Valley
• Relocated at Mapungubwe Hill
• First sophisticated trade state developed in Zimbabwe
• Gold, ivory, copper, cloth, glass
• First use of stone walls and stone buildings

• The original Mapungubwe kingdom
• Great Zimbabwe (capital)
• Famous stone structure
• Great Zimbabwe ruins
• Kalanga people
• Largest kingdom out of all Zimbabwe kingdoms
• Divided into two kingdoms

• Northern part of Zimbabwe kingdom
• Stretched from modern-day Zimbabwe to Mozambique
• Mwene Mutapa or Monomotapa
• First major civillization
• iron smelting, textiles, gold and copper, agriculture
• Portuguese attack and control

• Gold source for Arab and Potuguese traders
• Southwestern part of modern-day Zimbabwe
• First mentioned in Portuguese record in 1512
• Khami (capital)

• Rozwi means "Destroyer"
• Original Butua Kingdom
• Removed the Protuguese settler by force
• Continuation of the traditional stone structure
• Developed professional army with firearms
• Expert stretagist and fighters
• Trade route with Arab merchants
• Ivory, gold, copper

• Zulu general Mzilikazi rebelled against Shaka Zulu and flee with his tribe, Ndebele, in 1821
• Ndebele people invade Rozwi Empire and conguered it's people in 1837
• Located in northern part of modern-day Zimbabwe
• Mzilikazi died in 1868. His son, Lobengula, succeded him

Colonial Era (1888-1965)

• Founder of British South Africa Company (BSAC)
• Founder of De Beers Mining Company
• Rhodesia colony
• British businessman, politician, mining magnate in South Africa
• Strong believer and supporter of colonialism and imperialism

• Founded by Cecil Rhodes in 1889
• Mining and colonial enterprise
• Acquired in 1965 by other company
• Southern Africa
• British South Africa Police (private army)

• Cecil Rhodes obtained mining rights from King Lobengula in 1888
• BSAC was granted royal charter by the United Kingdom over Matabeleland
• Rhodes sent the Pioneer Column, a group of white settlers protected by British South Africa Police (BSAP), through Matabeleland in 1890

• British South Africa Police V.S. Ndebele
• British victory; death of King Lobengula and destruction of Matabeleland
• Conquest of Zambesia territory
• First use of Maxim gun by Britain

• Renamed the territory of Zambesia with Rhodesia in 1895
• Named after Cecil Rhodes
• Southern Rhodesia (Zimbabwe)
• Northern Rhodesia (Zambia)
• Self-governing colony in 1923
• Declared independence in 1965
• Second British colony to declared independence beside America (1776)

• Matabeleland Rebellion
• Ndebele people revolted against British authority
• Mlimo, Ndebele leader of the rebels
• British victory; Mlimo assasinated

Post-colonial era (1965-present)

• Former British colony
• Ian Smith (leader)
• Unilateral Declaration of Independence (1965)
• Unrecognized state
• White minority
• Oppose black majority rules
• Rhodesia Bush War (1964-1979)

• Found in 1961
• Lead by Joshua Nkomo
• a militant organization and political party
• Fought for the liberation of Zimbabwe
• Support black majority rules
• Guerilla warfare
• Merged with ZANU in 1987

• Found by Ndabaningi Sithole and Herbert Chitepo
• a militant organization and political party
• Zimbabwe African National Liberation Army (ZANLA)
• Robert Mugabe (President)
• Parliamentary election in 1980 (win)
• Rhodesian Bush War
• 7 years of civil war

• Republic of Rhodesia vs ZANU & ZAPU
• Majority rule (African) vs Minority rule (White)
• Lancaster House Agreement (1979)
• End of white minority rule
• Independence of the Republic of Zimbabwe (1980)

Zimbabwe African People's Union

(ZAPU)

Rhodesian Bush War (1964-1979)

Zimbabwe African National Union

(ZANU)

Republic of Rhodesia (1965-1979)

British South Africa Company (BSAC)

Matabeleland

First Matabele War (1893-1894)

Cecil John Rhodes (1853-1902)

Rhodesia

Second Matabeleland War (1896-1897)

Stone Age

• Khosian cave painting
• Arrowhead
• Pebble tools
• Pottery

Kingdom of Zimbabwe (1220-1450)

Kingdom of Mutapa (1450-1760)

Kingdom of Butua/Butwa (1450-1683)

Rozwi Empire (1660-1866)

Kingdom of Mapungubwe (1075-1220)

Matabeleland (1837-1894)