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In 1697 set out to learn about Western ways.
There he embarked on a policy called Westernization. (The adoption of Western ideas, technology, and culture).
Persuading Russians proved difficult however he soon became the most autocratic of Europe's absolute Monarchs.
He ruled with unlimited authority.
Peter wanted to strengthen the military/ expand Russian borders/ and centralize royal power.
He brought all Russian institutions and Russian Orthodox under his control.
He forced haughty boyars or landowning nobles , to serve in civilian or military positions.
Peter stipulated that boyars shave their beards .He also forced them to replace their old fashion robes and western clothes.
He led parties in which men and woman had to dance together to end the practice of secluding uperclass women in separate quarters.
Peter made laws to ensure nobles retained control their lands, including the selfs on those lands.
Peter strengthened serfdom even after he died. he forced some serfs to become soldiers and to work.
Peter....
Peter left a mixed legacy as he
Yet many of his ambitious reforms died with him.
Peter dies in 1725 without an heir and without naming a successor
Started power struggle between the Romanov's until 1726 when Catherine The Great ruled as an absolute monarch
German Princess, came to Russia at age 15 to wed the heir to the Russian throne
Ascended the Russian throne b/c of the assassination of her husband Peter the lll, with the support of the military
Catherine proved to be an efficient and energetic empress. Under her rule, laws were codified and state-supported education began for both boys and girls.
Like Peter, she embraced Western ideas and expanding Russia's borders.
Waging the Russo-Turkish war against the Ottoman Empire gained her a warm-water port on the Black sea in 1774.
In the 1700's, Russia, Prusssia and Austria each wanted Poland as part of their territory. In order to avoid war the three kingdoms agreed to partition. In 1772, Russia gained part of Eastern Poland, while Prussia and Austria took over the West.
Not having a warm-water Port hindered trading with Russia.
The closest warm-water port was along the black sea and to gain it Peter fought through the Ottoman Empire but failed. Russian monarch Catherine The Great achieved the warm-water port later on.