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Absolute Monarchy in Russia

  • Objectives: Explain how Peter the Great tried to make Russia into a modern state.
  • Identify the steps Peter took to expand Russias borders.
  • Describe how Catherine the Great strengthened Russia.

Peter The Great Modernizes Russia

  • 10 years old when he took the throne.

  • Took control of the gov in 1689

  • Spent hours in "German quarter" the moscow neighborhood.

Journey To The West

The Great Northern War

  • 1700, Peter began war with the Kingdom of Sweden.
  • Sweden defeats Russia with only 8,000 men with Russia being about 5 times their size.
  • Peter rebuilt his army and in 1709, Russia defeated Sweden & won territory along the Baltic Sea

Blazing Trails to the Pacific

Controlling The Church and The Nobles

I

In 1697 set out to learn about Western ways.

There he embarked on a policy called Westernization. (The adoption of Western ideas, technology, and culture).

Persuading Russians proved difficult however he soon became the most autocratic of Europe's absolute Monarchs.

He ruled with unlimited authority.

Peter wanted to strengthen the military/ expand Russian borders/ and centralize royal power.

He brought all Russian institutions and Russian Orthodox under his control.

He forced haughty boyars or landowning nobles , to serve in civilian or military positions.

Peter stipulated that boyars shave their beards .He also forced them to replace their old fashion robes and western clothes.

He led parties in which men and woman had to dance together to end the practice of secluding uperclass women in separate quarters.

Peter made laws to ensure nobles retained control their lands, including the selfs on those lands.

Peter strengthened serfdom even after he died. he forced some serfs to become soldiers and to work.

Modernizing with Force

  • Early 1700s, Russian traders crossed over to Siberia expanding the Russian Empire to the east.

  • Peter signed a treaty with China allowing Russia to claim the lands north of China and defined the empires' common border.
  • After Peters death in 1725 Russian traders built outpost in Alaska & northern California.

  • The expansion made Russia the largest country in the world, still is today.

Peter Cutting of Boyars beards personally.

Peter....

  • Builds new capital city, St. Petersburg.
  • Cleaned the territory along the Baltic Sea.
  • Designed palaces, parks and boulevards.
  • St. Petersburg is a symbol of Peters efforts to modernize Russia.

Peter had no mercy for those who resisted his order.

More than 1,000 rebels were executed and and tortured.

Then as an example of his power he left there rotting corpses outside the palace walls for months.

Peter left a mixed legacy as he

  • Expanded Russian territory
  • Gained ports on the Baltic Sea
  • Created a strong military

Yet many of his ambitious reforms died with him.

Catherine The Great

Follows Peter's Lead

Peter dies in 1725 without an heir and without naming a successor

Catherine The Great

Started power struggle between the Romanov's until 1726 when Catherine The Great ruled as an absolute monarch

Her Rise to Power

Following Peter's Steps

Peter expands Russia's Borders

German Princess, came to Russia at age 15 to wed the heir to the Russian throne

Ascended the Russian throne b/c of the assassination of her husband Peter the lll, with the support of the military

Catherine proved to be an efficient and energetic empress. Under her rule, laws were codified and state-supported education began for both boys and girls.

Like Peter, she embraced Western ideas and expanding Russia's borders.

Waging the Russo-Turkish war against the Ottoman Empire gained her a warm-water port on the Black sea in 1774.

In the 1700's, Russia, Prusssia and Austria each wanted Poland as part of their territory. In order to avoid war the three kingdoms agreed to partition. In 1772, Russia gained part of Eastern Poland, while Prussia and Austria took over the West.

  • Peter built Russia's military to be the largest standing army in Europe & a world class navy from scratch.

  • Set out too expand Russian boarders to the west & south.

Not having a warm-water Port hindered trading with Russia.

The closest warm-water port was along the black sea and to gain it Peter fought through the Ottoman Empire but failed. Russian monarch Catherine The Great achieved the warm-water port later on.

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