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Chapter 23 - Growth of Western Democracies

Section 1 - Democratic Reform

Section 2 - Social and Economic Reform

Section 3 - France under Napoleon

Section 4 - Expansion of the United States

Section 1 - Democratic Reform in Britain

Reforming Parliament

  • Catholics and non-Anglicans fought for rights to vote and serve in Parliament

Victorian Age

  • Queen Victoria reigned from 1838-1901
  • Focuses on good morals, manners, hard work, honesty, etc.
  • Confident Age- helped middle class to expand empire

New Age in British Politics

  • Tories were pushed more towards being Conservative
  • Whigs became Liberal
  • Conservative party doubled in size
  • 1880's they began to extend suffrage and gave the majority of voting rights to farm workers

Section 2 - Social and Economic Reform in Britain

Free Trade and Corn

  • Early 1800’s Britain taxed foreign imports In local economies
  • Free trade was usually middle class business leaders
  • Farmers/wealthy land owners supported Corn Law because it kept price of Britain grain high

Campaign against Slavery

  • Enlightenment thinkers had turned the spot light on evils of the slave trade
  • British ships were carrying more Africans than the Americans
  • Under pressure the middle class reformers in Britain, France, and USA started the abolition movement
  • Britain,first European power to abolish slavery trade in 1807

Crime and Punishment

  • Early 1800, over 200 crimes were punishable by death
  • (Capital offense) murder but also shoplifting, stealing and, impersonating a veteran
  • Some juries refused to convict criminals because punishments were too harsh
  • Executions were public occasions
  • Instead of proper burial,criminal’s body might be given to medical colleges for dissection

Victories of the working Class

  • Improving work conditions
  • In the mine, owners were forbidden to employ woman and children under 10
  • In 1847 ,law limited woman and children to a 10 hour a day
  • Later in the 1800 the government regulated many safety conditions in factories and mines and sent inspectors to see that the law enforced

Section- 3 France under Napoleon 3 - Colby

Napoleon the Third, Nephew of Napoleon Bonaparte

Limits of Liberty

  • On the surface, the second empire looked like a constitutional monarchy
  • In the 1860’s, the emperor began to ease controls.

Promoting economic growth

  • promoted investment in industry and large-scale ventures such as rail road building and the urban renewal of Paris

Chapter 23

Table of Contents

Foreign Affairs

  • In the 1860’s, Napoleon tried to place Maximilian on the thrown of Mexico
  • Napoleon helped Italian nationalists defeat Austria, the regions of Nice and Savoy were ceded to France

A Disastrous With Prussia

  • Prussian leader Bismarck shrewdly manipulated the French and lured Napoleon into war in 1870.
  • Challenges of the 3rd Republic
  • Provisional, temporary

The Paris Commune

  • In 1871, an uprising broke out in Paris

Government Structure

  • Premier, Prime Minister
  • Coalition, alliances of various parties
  • Anti-Semitic and the Dreyfus Affair
  • most serious and divisive scandal began in 1894.

Deep Division

  • Dreyfus affair, political scandal that caused deep division in France between Royalists and liberals and republicans.
  • Libel, the knowing publication of false and damaging statements.

Calls for Jewish State

  • Zionism-movement devoted to rebuilding a Jewish state in Palestine.

Separating Church and State

  • Like Germany, France tried to repress Church involvement in the Government

Women’s Rights

  • Under the Napoleonic Code, French women had few rights

Looking Ahead

  • By 1914, France was the largest democratic country in Europe, with constitution that protected basic rights

World History

Section 4-Expansion of the United States - William

Territorial Expansion

  • -(Louisiana Purchase)-1803 Jefferson bought Louisiana territory from France
  • -Mexican War 1846-1848 added California and Southwest
  • -Manifest Destiny – Expand U.S. from coast to coast
  • -1867 bought Alaska from Russia 1898 annexed Hawaii

Expanding Democracy

  • -Calls for Abolition
  • Americans began to call for the complete end of slavery
  • William Lloyd Garrison pressed the antislavery cause through his newspaper, the “Liberator”
  • Harriet Beecher Stowe’s novel, Uncle Tom’s Cabin, helped convince northerners slavery was a great social evil

Women’s Rights Movements

  • 1848, in Seneca Falls, New York, Mott and Stanton organized first women’s rights convention
  • Passed a resolution on the Declaration of Independence, “We hold these truths to be self evident: that all men and women are created equal.”
  • Equality before law

The Civil War and Its Aftermath

  • -Economic differences and the slavery issue drove the North and the South apart
  • -When Lincoln was elected president the South feared that slavery would be abolished

North Versus South

  • Soon after the election, most southern states seceded from the Union
  • This sparked the civil war 1861-1865
  • The Confederacy surrendered in 1865 with the cost of 600,000 lives

  • -Challenges for African Americans
  • Lincoln issued the “Emancipation Proclamation” which declared enslaved African Americans free
  • Three amendments to the Constitution banned slavery
  • 15th amendment gave African Americans right to vote
  • Other state laws imposed conditions for voter eligibility

Economic Growth and Social Reform.

  • U.S. after Civil War grows to lead world in industrial and agricultural production.
  • Transcontinental railroad (1869) opens up
  • Immigrations soars: Europeans settle on Atlantic coast; Asians on Pacific coast.
  • 1900. giant monopolies control industries. Carnegie (steel). Rockefeller (oil).
  • Workers organize in unions like American Federation of Labor.

Looking Ahead.

  • By 1900 U.S. is the world’s largest democracy and leading industrial power, and global power
  • Spanish-American War of 1898 the U.S. acquires Philippines, Guam, Puerto Rico
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