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volcanoes
19
By: Levi, Lisa-Kay and Jeared
3 Theories for why volcanoes erupt
When a convergent boundary shifts, part of the crust break off into the mantle sending the hotter magma up. The pressure builds and creates a volcano and eventually it erupts. This usually creates stratacone volcanoes. As the plates move away from each other at divergent boundaries, the lithosphere becomes thinner. A set of deep cracks form in rift zone. Then magma rises from the crack and creates more sea floor. Then the sea floor sinks back into the mantle and it creates a trench and volcanoes. These volcanoes are usually black smoke sea vents.
The End
1. Large magma chamber
2. Bedrock
3. Conduit (pipe)
4. Base
5. Sill
6. Dike
7. Layers of ash emitted by the volcano
8. Flank
9. Layers of lava emitted by the volcano
10. Throat
11. Parasitic cone
12. Lava flow
13. Vent
14. Crater
15. Ash cloud
Volcanoes!!
Second Theory: magma contains dissolved H2O, CO2 and SO2 making the solubility higher. When the solubility is higher, the pressure increases.
When the magma moves closer to the surface, the gases separate. Since there is more gas than magma, it disintegrates into pyroclasts.
The first theory is that hot magma rises up by the pressure of gas within the earth that is dissolves in it.
Pyroclasts are clastic rocks composed solely or primarily of volcanic material.
These make the density of the magma less and it also makes the pressure build to a high point and the volcanoe erupts.
The third theory states that new magma is injected into a magma chamber with it already full of magma, and it erupts.
Hot spots: Within the mantle rocks melt to generate magma.
Magma is molten, or slightly molten rock beneath the earths crust. It can either be liquid and/or solid, and once it is upon the surface, it is called lava. There are many types of lava including Pahoehoe, A'a and Pillow lava. Pahoehoe lava is thin, and tends to flow down volcanoes in vast rivers. A'a lava is basaltic lava that flows very slow. It can get up tp 1000-1100 C. Pillow Lava is found in under water volcanoes and cools right as it hits the water making a hard shell.
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