Copy of To bee or not to bee- Colony Collapse disorder

• doubling or tripling the usual rate of winter hive die-offs, and years into the epidemic
• . Reported death rates in bee colonies in the U.S. were 29% in 2009 and rose to 34% in 2010(Data from the Department of Agriculture’s CCD Progress Report)

Background

Impact

What is CCD?

Rapid Decrease

• importance of bees to pollination

Adult worker honeybees would suddenly flee the hive, ending up dead somewhere else and leading to the rapid loss of the colony.

• scarce of food

One of the most mysterious ecological disasters, the most expensive

costs of commerical pollination for crops soared

• economic loss

Current Situation

Increasing Number of Reported Cases

Symptoms

• Failure to return to hive; no dead bodies can be found

To bee or not to bee- Colony Collapse Disorder

• Queen bee and adequate food supplies are left behind

Solution

• Other predators do not immediately invade the abandoned hive

• Diverse culture

- plant various kind s of flowers and food

• Use less pesticides and other chemical for agriculture

Establish nature reserves

ban on the pesticide: E.U

by precautionary principle

Work Distribution

Group Members Involved

Chief Editor

Information Search

Wong Wing Yan

Wei Wing Kit

Wong Wing Yan

Sin Man Kit

Wei Wing Kit

Ng Wing Hin

Illustration Search

Ng Wing Hin

Ng Wing Hin

Wei Wing Kit

Kan Chi Ming

Causes

Jahn Ruey-Lin

Software Support

Jahn Ruey-Lin

Sin Man Kit

Kan Chi Ming

Concept Map Construction

Kan Chi Ming

Wong Wing Yan

Sin Man Kit

Ng Wing Hin

Jahn Ruey-Lin

Treatment

Reference

Jahn Ruey-Lin

Kan Chi Ming

Wong Wing Yan

Sin Man Kit

Jahn Ruey-Lin

Reference& Citation

April 11, 2012.Beepocalypse Redux: Honeybees Are Still Dying — and We Still Don’t Know Why.

Fom http://science.time.com/2013/05/07/beepocalypse-redux-honey-bees-are-still-dying-and-we-still-dont-know-why/#ixzz2jB4OwlBr

http://science.time.com/2013/05/07/beepocalypse-redux-honey-bees-are-still-dying-and-we-still-dont-know-why/

Cell Phone?

Misconception!!

Radioactive wave not a factor of CCD

Carrier of

Report on the National Stakeholders Conference

on Honey Bee Health.October 15–17, 2012.United States Department of Agriculture

Daniel A. Sumner and Hayley Boriss. Bee-conomics and the Leap in Pollination

Death

COLONY COLLAPSE DISORDER, THE VANISHING HONEYBEE (APIS MELLIFERA), Chelsea Gifford, University of Colorado at Boulder, May 2011

From digitool.library.colostate.edu/exlibris/dtl/d3_1/apache_media/L2V4bGlicmlzL2R0bC9kM18xL2FwYWNoZV9tZWRpYS8xMTk1ODc=.pdf

neuroactive chemical

antibiotics

chlordimeform

More Susceptible to

neonicotinoids

Monoculture

GLOBAL HONEY BEE COLONY DISORDERS

AND OTHER THREATS TO INSECT POLLINATORS, Stéphane Kluser (UNEP), Dr. Peter Neumann (Swiss Bee Research Centre), Dr. Marie-Pierre Chauzat (French Agency for Environmental and Occupational Health Safety (AFSSET), Dr Jeffery S. Pettis (United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service USDA/ARS), 2010

From http://www.unep.org/dewa/Portals/67/pdf/Global_Bee_Colony_Disorder_and_Threats_insect_pollinators.pdf

Malnutrient

Pesticides

fed with supplements of high-fructose corn syrup,since corn crops began to be dusted with imidacloprid in 2005

--> Accumulation of Toxins

--> Affect coordination and

navigation

Farming practices

Commercial transportation

--> Decreased Immunity

Tracheal Mites

Varroa Mite

insect virus

Mites and parasites

Parasite: Nosema Bombi

Israeli Acute Paralysis Virus (IAPV)

Diseases and viruses

Fungal diseases (e.g. Nosemosis)

European foulbrood