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Phrases

Appositives

The teacher chose students

Subordinate Word Groups

All of these guys are subordinate

to the Commander in Chief.

Clauses

People often refer to these as dependent clauses.

But how can a group of words

as one part of speech?

Phrases have EITHER a subject OR a verb... never both.

They have both a subject AND a verb. They can function

as nouns, adjectives, or adverbs.

Clauses that function as

Let's start with the simplest one.

nouns

Appositives rename nouns or pronouns

Whoever ate last piece of cake

is going to pay!

subject

direct object

Everyone can argee

that subordinate word groups are BORING.

Barack Obama,

the Presdient of the United States,

visited the troops.

I gave the best grade to

whoever wrote the best essay.

indirect object

whichever wave seems the best.

When I go surfing, I will wait for

object of the

preposition

Australia is

where kangaroos live.

subject complement

Absolutes

Absolute phrases modify an entire clause. We don't use them much in everyday conversation.

His hands rough from a lifetime of manual labor,

the father buttoned his son's jacket tenderly.

Verbal phrases

start with verbs that are not functioning as verbs.

adjectives

adverbs

These clauses usually answer the questions "which one?"

or "What kind?"

These clauses usually answer the questions

When?

Where?

Why? or

How?

What kind??

Infinitive Phrases

The bikers got off the road

when??

Infinitive prases begin with the ifinitive form of the verb "to _________ "

To infinitive, and beyond!

who wouldn't cause a ruckus.

The teacher chose students

Participial Phrases

The greatest thing you'll ever learn is just

to love

and

to be loved in return.

The verbs in participial phrases come in the forms of participles, either

being

These are the voyages of the starship Enterprise. Its 5-year mission:

when it started raining so heavily they couldn't see.

The bikers got off the road

bridging

A

Present Participle

These end in -ing

eating

or

Gerund Phrases

Past Participle

A

These end in -ed or -en

to explore strange new worlds,

to seek out new life and new civilizations,

to boldly go where no man has gone before.

written

reached

spoken

Gerunds are present participles that function as nouns.

I like

swimming.

basking in the sunshine.

Edith enjoys

These phrases ALWAYS function as adjectives.

The primary source document,

written in the 14th century,

had to be handled with care.

the robber easily gained entrance into the bank.

Masquerading as a policeman,

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