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Alchemy
Art of Transmutation
Origins of Chemistry?
Really just Spiritual?
Alchemical Lab
*Alchemy not considered science because it was "practical" knowledge.
*Alchemy was dangerous: fire, exposure to toxic chemicals, legal trouble, financial risk
16th-17th Century: Emblems+Artisans
Michael Maier's Atalanta Fugiens
Multimedia - fugues, images, poetry
Dense allegory -- not just about chemical operations but also about transmutation of the soul?
Further Reading
Lawrence Principe
The Secrets of Alchemy
William R. Newman
Promethean Ambitions
Bruce Moran
Distilling Knowledge
Paracelsus
http://www.alchemywebsite.com/alch-pro.html
Alchemical Processes
Empiricism vs. Authority
"Let the patient be your book."
Weight and Measure:
"The dose makes the Poison"
Using Alchemy to make medicines.
Emphasis on separation
Added third principle "salt" to Jabir's Sulpher-Mercury theory of matter.
"Paracelsians" built on his "bold" legacy and invented a whole mythical figure.
Vitalism vs. Mechanism, "Archeus"
Local knowledge - German Cures
Distillation (making purified alcohol)
Separation - "Solve et Coagula"
Calcination - reduction by burning
Ablution - purification by washing
Coloration - adding a dye or tincture
Exaltation - raising to more perfect state
Fulmination - preparation of explosive
Fixation - make a volatile substance solid
Fumigation - exposure to corrosive smoke
Alchemy in Medieval Europe
Alchemy in Late Antiquity
Alchemy in the Arabic World
Maria the Prophetess - "bain marie" or alchemical bath heats metals evenly
Zosimos - Hermetic priest, texts include a "Vision"
13th Century:
Geber - Translation/reworking of texts from Jabir ibn Hayyan's school
origins of corpuscular matter theory?
R.Bacon--artificial gold better than natural.
Power over nature?
*Translation of Greek Manuscripts into Arabic
*Khalid ibn Yazid (d.704)
*Emerald Tablet of Hermes
*Jabir Ibn Hayyan (d.815)
*Sulfur/Mercury school of matter theory