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a set of theories and "ways of seeing"

oriented toward the contemporary moment, the now

that is, without closure or end

"we no longer have a unified and generally agreed set of terms by which to analyze" the contemporary moment (During 63)

pastiche is a key effect and tool of postmodernism, postmodern art and literature

informed by industrialization, technologization, globalization,

media saturation

What is the "right" brand of toothpaste?

we live in a world of seemingly limitless choice; one chooses not necessarily what is true, but what one chooses.

our desires, even reality itself, are media constructs

(During 66-67)

* when the natural is no longer distinguishable from the copy, how can we value the real over the fake? "art" from "trash"?

a skepticism about the big truths

that drove modern civilization

(18c-very early 20c)

a "break" with modernism,

but also an intensification of its key aesthetic principles

Consider these paintings...

modernists wanted to break with the past to create something new, more truthful, more enlightened--

we can begin anew (Lyotard 143)

for postmodernists, "the notion that art should reflect some stable reality or express a set of stable values (beauty, harmony), or strive for a radically different mode of reading, seeing, or being, is considered, if not impossible, at least utopian" (During 67)

we cannot begin anew, because all is citation, repetition, circulation

(Lyotard 143)

problems, though:

relativism

presentism

over-generalization

internal incoherence

"not everyone lives under postmodern conditions" (During 68)

"the idea of the postmodern is put forward not just as another marketed image of society but as an objective description of what society really and truly is. Yet...there is supposed to be no space for truth and reality in postmodernity" (During 68)

instead:

proliferation of identities,

representation rather than the real,

radical equality,

equal access to images

elusive and often confusing!

"My aim is not to close the debate, [to resolve], but to open it, to allow it to develop by avoiding certain confusions..., as far as this is possible" (Lyotard 143)

What is postmodernism?

*

universal

rationality

progress

enlightenment

subjectivity

scientific objectivity

*

Gustave Courbet, THE STONE-BREAKERS (1849)

Pablo Picasso, GUERNICA (1937)

hierarchies of

taste and value are

arbitrary

John Unger, GUERNICA, USA CAMPAIGN

http://backspace.com/notes/2005/11/guernica-usa.php

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