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Bulgarian migration
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The period:
September 1944 - November 1989
Bulgarian emigration in this period was predominantly motivated by political reasons or was related to ethnicity. Labour emigration was entirely controlled by the state.
The dynamics of migration from Bulgaria
Ethnic emigration
Political emigration
After 10 November 1989
On 10 November 1989 the Bulgarian communist regime fell after 45 years of uninterrupted rule and Bulgarian citizen were allowed freedom of travel again. According to the National Statistical Institute some 218,000 Bulgarians left the country in this particular year and emigration flows were mainly directed towards Turkey.
European Union
On 1 January 2007 Bulgaria joined the European Union. But some Bulgarians continue to leave because of low living standards, for better professional realisation and for access to education.
The effects of migration
One of the most immediate effects of Bulgarian emigration was the drastic reduction in the population. In the years between 1992 and 2001, about 217,809 people left the country. A large proportion of emigrants were highly skilled.
Children are most affected by emigration of their parents. Some students dropout of school because they have been left in Bulgaria in the care of grandparents or aunts. In the last few years, the Bulgarian press has often deskribed these children as having 'Skype parents'.
Letter to America
Communities abroad
There are still no accurate numbers on the size of the Bulgarian communities abroad. Over 50 000 in Germany, about 25 000 in Austria, about 10 000 in the Czech Republic, about 50 000 in Italy, about 3 000 in Slovak Republic, about 5 000 in Hungary, about 4 000 in Belgium, about 110 000 in Greece, over 60 000 in the UK, about 2 000 in Sweden, over 15 000 in France, around 10 000 in Portugal, over 120 000 in Spain. Another 200 000 Bulgarians are in the USA, about 45 000 in Canada, about 20 000 are in South Africa and another 20 000 in Australia. About 700 000 are the Bulgarians of Turkish origin in Turky.
Bulgarian emigrants in the USA
BULGARIAN MIGRATION
First wave occured in the period 1946 - 1951
The second wave of mass ethnik emigration occured the period 1966 - 1980
"The big excursion" in 1989
The estabilishment of the communist regime determined a wave of political emigration from Bulgaria. The largest communities of political emigrants were concentrated in the neighbouring countries of Greece, Turkey and Yugoslavia, and in Western Europe, namely in Italy and France.