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Phillip II of Spain

  • Son of Charles
  • Great-grandparents were Isabelle and Ferdinand
  • Seized Portugal
  • Seized wealth from exploration
  • Standing army
  • Catholic
  • Spanish Armada defeated
  • El Escorial

St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre

  • Guise (catholic/north) vs. Bourbon (huguenot/south)
  • Henry II = last powerful Valois king
  • Francis II, Charles IX, Henry III
  • Catherine de Medici (plotted to use Guises to kill Coligny)
  • Gaspard de Coligny (Huguenot leader)
  • Catholic League vs. Protestant Union
  • Catherine de Medici supported Bourbons
  • Henry of Navarre = defeated Catholic League = Henry IV

Revolt of the Netherlands

  • AKA The Dutch Revolt
  • Spain (catholic/poor economy) vs. Netherlands (calvinist/prosperous middle class)
  • Spark = Philip II raised taxes & crushed protestantism = revolts = United Provinces of the Netherlands

Henry IV of France

  • Ended Spanish interference
  • Paris is worth a mass = politique
  • Edict of Nantes = Calvinists granted religious rights

Defeat of the Spanish Armada

  • Attempt to punish protestant England & Elizabeth I
  • Spain defeated

Political

Magellan

Spain & Portugal gain Central & South America

  • Portugal led way
  • Spanish under Pizarro conquer Peru and under Cortes conquer Mexico
  • Encomienda, Viceroyalities, mixed races (mestizo)
  • Sparked by Power
  • Luther spoke out against them
  • Defeated by Princes

Sea Dogs

"Time of Troubles" in Russia

Economic & Social

Machiavelli, The Prince

More, Utopia

Luther, 95 Theses

  • Justification by Faith Alone
  • Against indulgences

Medici establish Ursuline order for education of women

Loyola & Jesuits

Pilgrimage of Grace

Calvin established theocracy in Geneva

Council of Trent

  • before = Holy Office
  • Pope Paul III
  • Investigated indulgences, approved Jesuits, and used Inquisition

Peace of Augsburg

Knox

  • Scotland
  • Presbyterian

Anabaptists

  • baptize only those who were old enough to decide to be Christian

Zwingli

Religion & Philosophy

  • Italian
  • Built telescope
  • Starry Messenger (Jupiter 4 moons, sun dark spots, laws of motion)
  • Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems (Coperincun model, trial during inquisition, recanted beliefs, house arrest)

Bacon

Harvey

Science & Technology

Castiglione, The Courtier

Shakespeare

Montaigne, Essays

Arts & Letters

The Wars of Religion

Habsburg-Valois Wars

  • Austria vs. France
  • Sparked over Italy
  • Helped spread the Renaissance
  • Catholic
  • Controlled German states
  • Luther's trial = Diet of Worms = Edict of Worms
  • German Peasant Revolt = Peace of Augsburg

Charles V, HRE

1500

1525

1550

1575

1600

  • Serf = property

Consolidation of serfdom in eastern Europe

  • Famine killed 1/3 of population
  • Ended with the establishment of the Romanov family

Sir Francis Drake

  • Middle Passage
  • Triangular Trade
  • Atlantic Slave Trade
  • Columbian Exchange

Age of Exploration

Mercantilism

Treaty of Tordesillas

German Peasant Revolt

  • 1st to circumnavigate the globe
  • Favorable balance of trade

Roanoke

1500

1525

1550

  • Sir Walter Raleigh
  • Disappeared

1575

1600

  • Predestination
  • The Institutes of the Christian Religion
  • Official recognition of Lutheranism
  • Each prince declared the religion of his own state

B.A.D.

  • Bible more authority
  • Advocated church reform
  • Denied pope had right to worldly power
  • Propagated by Jan Hus and John Wycliffe
  • Sparked by closing of monastaries

16th Century Review

Henry VIII of England breaks with Rome

  • Raise $ for St. Peter's Cathedral
  • Sold indulgences
  • Switzerland
  • religious reformer
  • Act of Restraint of Appeals
  • Act of Annates
  • Act of Supremacy

Tetzel

1500

1525

1550

1575

1600

  • Scientific Method / empiricism

Tycho Brahe

  • Danish astronomer
  • Data used by future scientists

Age of Exploration

Scientific Revolution In Western Europe

  • caravel, astrolabe, better maps, sextant, compass

Kepler

  • used Brahe's data
  • planets revolve in elliptical orbits

Gutenberg

Printing Press

Galileo

Copernicus

1500

1525

1550

  • Blood circulation

1575

1600

  • On The Revolutions of the Heavenly Bodies
  • Heliocentric Theory
  • Polish

Baroque

  • Father of Humanism
  • made fun of church

Erasmus,

The Praise of Folly

  • Rubens
  • Velasquez
  • Rembrandt

1500

1525

1550

1575

1600

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