World War I

Quick Write

When there are no countries left to imperialize, what will Europe do and why?

Imperialism

When a stronger country takes over a weaker one

Militarism

1. Glorification of the ideals of a professional military class

2. When the armed forces have control in the administration or policies of a country

3. A policy where military preparedness is of primary importance to a state

Nationalism

1. Devotion to the interests or culture of one's nation

2. The belief that nations will benefit from acting independently rather than collectively, emphasizing national rather than international goals

3. Aspirations for national independence in a country under foreign domination.

Alliances

An agreement between friendly countries to protect each other

Triple Entente

France

Russia

Britian

Triple Alliance

Austria-Hungary

Germany

Italy

The Causes

June 28, 1914

The Spark

Taboo Review

1. Nationalism

2. Militarism

3. Alliance System

4. Imperialism

5. Triple Alliance

6. Triple Entente

7. Black Hand

8. Gavrillo Princip

9. Archduke France Ferdinand

10. Powder Keg of Europe

The Western Front

Mustard Gas

Tanks

Airplanes

Machine Guns

Subs (U-boats)

Trenches

Big Birtha

New Technology

The Schlieffen Plan

- Germany faced a two-front war

- Plan was to attack France first then Russia

- Named after its designer, General Alfred Graf von Schlieffen

- Russia was less of a threat due to lack of industrialization

- Single most important battle of WWI

- Germany was gaining a quick victory by taking most of France and parts of Paris

- Allies regrouped and attacked the Germans outside of Paris, in the valley of the Marne River

- When reinforcements were needed, more that 600 taxicabs rushed soldiers to the frontline

- Defeated the Schlieffen Plan

- Germany launched a massive attack against the French at Verdun

- Each side lost more than 300,000 men!

- Germans advanced about 4 miles

- British troops eventually tried to help by attacking the Germans northwest of Verdun in the valley of the Somme River

- In the first day of battle alone, more than 20,000 British soldiers were killed!

- By the end of the battle, each side had suffered more than half a million casualities!

- British gained about 5 miles

Key Battles

Fighting along the German-Russian border

Russians and Serbs

vs.

Germans and Austro-Hungarians

Russian forces attacked both Austria and Germany first

Germany counterattacked near the town of Tannenberg

Germans drove the Russians into full retreat

More than 30,000 Russian soldiers were killed with four days of battle!

Russian forces defeated the Austrians twice

However, the Austrian Army eventually turned the tides

- Russia had limited supplies due to lack of industrialization and access to supply allied supply ships

- Had strength in numbers though

The Eastern Front

Gallipoli Campaign

- Strategy for the Allies

- Attack an region in the Ottoman Empire known as the Dardanelles because it was the gateway to Constantinople

- Would allow not only the defeat of the Turks but a trade route to Russia

- British, French, Australian, New Zealand, and French troops attacked the Peninsula

- Turned into a stalemate

- Allies gave up and suffered 250,000 casualities

In various parts of Asia and Africa, Germany's colonial possessions came under assault

Japan overran German outposts in China and captured its Pacific island colonies

English and French troops attacked Germany's four African possessions (gaining control of three)

British and French troops recruited subjects in their colonies for the struggle

The Colonial Front

Taboo Review

1. Western Front

2. No Man's Land

3. All Quiet On The Western Front

4. Submarine (U-Boat)

5. Mustard Gas

6. Tank

7. Machine Gun

8. Airplane

9. Schliefflen Plan

10. Battle of the Somme

11. Battle of Verdun

12. Battle of Ypres

13. Battle of the Marne

14. Gallipoli Campaign

Zimmerman Telegram & Unrestricted Submarine Warfare

Sinking of the Lusitania

Why did the US join WWI?

Total War

Propaganda

Techniques

ColorContent

Ethos, Logos, Pathos

Testimonials or Endorsements

Fear

Urgency

Scientific Approach

Emotional Language

Sex Appeal

Exaggeration/HyperboleRepetitionGlittering GeneralitiesEuphemismsTransferPlain Folks AppealBandwagonSnob AppealSomething for Nothing

Bonds

Victory Gardens

Women

War on the Home Front

The Allies Win the War

How do you create lasting peace?

Armistice

Central Powers Crumble

• Germany loses Second Battle of the Marne
• Bulgarians then Ottomans surrender
• Revolution occurs in Austria-Hungary
• German citizens turn on the kaiser

• Kaiser Wilhelm II steps down
• Germany declares itself a republic
• France and Germany agree to stop fighting

Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

• 1917
• Czar Nicholas II was replaced with a provisional government
• Revolution occured, in part due to the 5.5 million Russian soldiers killed/wounded, and new leader, Lenin, ended the nation's involvement in WWI

Russia Withdraws

The Big Four

Fr.

Georges Clemenceau

U.S.

Woodrow Wilson

David Lloyd George

G.B.

It.

Vittorio Orlando

14 Points

• Wilson's peace plan
• End to secret diplomacy
• Freedom of the seas
• Free trade
• Reduced national armies and navies
• Adjustment of colonial claims
• Created new nations

Self-Determination

League of Nations

Battle of The Marne

• "general assocation of nations" that would protect "great and small states alike"
• International peace keeping body

Taboo Review

Treaty of Versailles

• Paris Peace Conference
• Britain and France didn't agree with 14 Points
• Created a League of Nations
• Punished Germany (lost land, restrictions on military, "war guilt" clause, reparations, colonies became mandates)

• Home Front
• Rationing
• Propaganda
• Total War
• Sinking of the Lusitania
• Zimmerman Telegram
• Woodrow Wilson
• Unrestricted Submarine Warfare

Taboo Review

Battle of Verdun

When a nation devotes all of their resources to the war effort

• Woodrow Wilson
• Georges Clemenceau
• 14 Points
• Self-Determination
• Treaty of Versailles
• League of Nations
• United Nations
• Reparations
• Mandates
• The Big Four
• Armistice
• Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
• Provisional Government
• Lenin

Lost Generation

All Quiet On The Western Front

Quick Write

"The War To Save Democracy"

Erich Maria Remarque

World

War 1

Battle of The Somme

Great Britain, France, Germany, Russia, Gavrillo Princip, Archduke Ferdinand, Imperialism, Nationalism, Militarism, Assassination, Ultimatum, Alliance Systems, Triple Alliance, Triple Entente, Austria Hungary, Serbia, Black Hand

1. Who is least at fault? Explain your reasoning.

2. Who is most at fault? Explain your reasoning.

Rationing

Battle of Ypres

1914-1918