Glorious Revolution

Glorious Revolution

The Road to Rule...

The Virgin Queen

Good Queen Bess

The Restoration of Protestantism

• Henry VIII: Anglican
• Mary I: Catholic
• Elizabeth: Anglican

Established a state church that attempted to please both Catholics and Protestants

To please Protestants

• priests could marry
• sermons in English, not Latin

To please Catholics

• Priests wore robes
• Revised services to include Catholic traditions

Exploration & The Economy...

1500s: Began to rethink building an American empire as a source of income

Well educated and spoke French, Italian, Latin, & Greek

William Shakespeare

• Born in Stratford-upon-Avon
• Wrote plays and poems in London
• Performed at the Globe Theater
• Interested in antiquity
• Macbeth, Hamlet, Othello, Romeo & Juliet, King Lear, etc.

Religious Division

Stuart

Alienated the Puritan & Catholic minorities

Pursued a foreign policy friendly to Catholic Spain

Problems With Parliament

• House of Commons refussed to impose high taxes which crippled royal finances
• Imposed customs duties without parliamentary consent
• Parliament refussed to pass his plan to allow free trade between England & Scotland

Reinstated Parliament to obtain new taxes but the representative body failed to pass the disired legislation so he dissolved the group yet again

Problems With Parliament

• Absolutist & Divine Right
• Levied taxes without Parliament's consent
• Puritans felt he was hostile towards their practices

War With Scotland

Short Parliament

http://www.polleverywhere.com/multiple_choice_polls/LgX6GKiMHfEfAoI

The English Civil War

What type of government should be established?

• Cromwell's "Independent" party won due to his control of the army
• He gained control of Parliament and expelled the less radical members

• Elizabeth I
• James I
• Great Contract
• Petition of Right
• Short Parliament
• Long Parliament
• Cavaliers
• Roundheads
• New Model Army
• Rump Parliament
• Charles I
• English Civil War

Cromwell

• Voted to execute Charles I in 1649
• Declared England a "Commonwealth"
• Friction developed so Cromwell disbanded Parliament in 1653

Old Ironsides

• Military leader of the Model Army
• Roundhead leader of Parliament
• Declared England a Protectorate with him as "Lord Protector"
• Ruled with a council of state

A new parliament was elected but its power was reduced & England was essentially a military dictatorship

• Advanced English trade
• Compelled Ireland and Scotland to recognize him
• Increased England's power abroad
• Parliament overthrew his son in 1660

After death from malaria or by poisoning, he was exhumed and hanged, drawn, and quartered

Charles II

The Restoration

Agreed to abide by Parliamentary controls on taxes & to call Parliament into session regularly

Merry Monarch

Policies & Parliament

1673

James II

The Last Catholic Monarch

• Established a standing army
• Created special courts to try those suspected of rebellion

Mary &

William of Orange

• Invited to rule England
• When their forces landed in England, James fled to France

English Bill of Rights

• No standing armies or taxes without the consent of Parliament
• Regular sessions of Parliament
• Freedom of Speech in Parliament
• King could not suspend the laws
• Trial by jury & no excessive bail

Bill of Rights

• Elizabeth I
• James I
• Great Contract
• Petition of Right
• Short Parliament
• Long Parliament
• Cavaliers
• Roundheads
• New Model Army
• Rump Parliament
• Charles I
• English Civil War

• Cromwell
• Commonwealth
• Charles II
• The Restoration
• Cavalier Parliament
• Whigs
• Tory
• Treaty of Dover
• Declaration of Indulgence
• Test Act
• James II
• Mary and William of Orange
• English Bill of Rights
• Toleration Act

http://www.polleverywhere.com/multiple_choice_polls/gZYHQIGOU1FEWlV

Henry IV of France

Supported

Ireland

The Elizabethan Age

Edward VI

Henry VIII

Mary I

Netherlands

Elizabeth I

Catholic and willing to defy Elizabeth's authority

Supported the Dutch in order to bring down Philip II of Spain

Philip II of Spain

Defeated the Spanish Armada's advance to conform England to Catholic policies

Mary Queen of Scots

• Catholic cousin
• Attempted to overthrow Elizabeth

Tilbury Speech

2 min

Elizabeth I

Trouble dealing with Parliament

• The crown would give feudal dues in return for annual parliamentary subsidy
• Failed due to factionalism

Charles dissmissed

He had tried to force Anglican services on Scotland

Great

Contract

• No martial law in peacetime
• No quartering of troops in private homes
• No taxes without parliamentary approval
• No imprisonment without a jury trial

Forced to ask Parliament for money to fight a war with Scotland

Petition of Right

Charles ruled without Parliament until 1640

When called, the dominantly Puritan English Parliament demanded an end to the religious and political policies

Long Parliament

Gave Charles money in return for power

Charles had to call Parliament to again to ask for money

Charles had to issue payments of large indemnities to Schotland

War was lost

1611

James the Vain

Dissolved Parliament

Without

enough money...

http://www.polleverywhere.com/free_text_polls/7mHBCO7zcujA6Nj

Poll Everywhere

• First English monarch of the House of Stuart
• Succesfull in Scotland but not in England

1628

Poll Everywhere

James I

Charles I

Phase Two

Back to Basics

New Model Army

Poll Everywhere

http://www.polleverywhere.com/free_text_polls/JrPBQsmF3a6yWjl

1648-1649

An efficient military organization commanded by Oliver Cromwell that won the war with the aid of the Scots on behalf of the Parliament

• Charles used division over question to reassert his control
• He attempted to arrest 5 members of Parliament
• He failed and civil war resulted

1642-1646

How much of the king's authority should be curbed?

Establishment of a Puritan theocracy

Review

Division

Restoration of a very limited monarchy

Rump Parliament

• wealthy trading and landowning classes
• supported the king

Cavaliers

Remaining members of Parliament that were controlled by the army

Vs.

Roundheads

Phase One

• Puritans
• middle class
• opposed the king

Treaty of Dover

• 1670
• Secret treaty in which Charles received a subsidy from Louis XIV in return for vague religious promises

1660-1685

Declaration of Indulgence

• 1672
• Exempted religious dissenters from punishment under Parliament's laws

Actions Angered Parliament

Irish Blood, English Heart

Test Act

• Passed by Parliament
• Excluded all Catholics from public office

Cavalier Parliament

Parliament did the following...

Both feared the extension of royal power

Passed a series of laws which suppressed the religious freedom of Catholics and Puritans

Torries

Parliament

• Royalists
• lesser lords
• pro-old landed gentry
• pro-Anglican Church
• suspicious of towns & business interests

• Wanted a new constitutional monarchy under a Protestant King
• Parliamentarians
• middle class bourgeoisie interests
• pro-business

Whigs

Emergence of Political Parties

2 min

Poll Everywhere

http://www.polleverywhere.com/multiple_choice_polls/bofucy2S39w5dfL

Poll Everywhere

1689

Set out to find a new heir

Whig and Tory

When his wife gave birth to a son who was baptized Catholic...

Toleration Act

Freedom of worship for ALL Protestant sects

Poll Everywhere

http://www.polleverywhere.com/free_text_polls/oukjZuNWGVkgrOb