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Early in 1776, English colonists in North America eagerly read Tom Paine's
- During the 1600s, Parliament passed the Navigation Acts - regulate trade & manufacturing
Resentment of British policies grew
Many agree with his radical ideas
Set out a dangerous and uncertain road that led to independence from British rule
They were part of Britain's growing empire and some were busy centers of commerce.
Colonial shipyards produced many vessels used in that global trade.
- Increasing sense of their own destiny separate from Britain
After 1763, relations between Britain and the 13 colonies grew strained.
The Seven Years' War drained British treasury, so Britain enforced the long-neglected laws for colonial trade and Parliament passed new laws to raise taxes from the colonies.
Colonists bitterly resented what they saw as an attack on their rights and started to say that "No taxation without representation"
- Colonial shipyards produced many vessels for global trade
interaction
New public as a symbol of freedom to European countries and to Latin America. Enlightenment ideals brought changes in Europe. In France in 1789, a revolution in the name of liberty and equality toppled monarchy. Other Europeans took up cry for freedom.
Give two examples of how Enlightenment ideas were reelected in each of the following:
(a) the Declaration of Independence,
(b) the Constitution of the United States
(a) the Declaration of Independence:
1. Thomas Jefferson argued that the colonists had the right to rebel and set up a new government that would protect them.
2. American leaders adopted the Declaration, pledging "our lives, our fortunes, and our sacred honour" to the cause of the United States of America
(b) the Constitution of the United States:
1. Elective legislature & Elected president
2. The Bill of Rights (First 10 amendments to the Constitution): People have basic rights that government must protect
1773
1770
After 1763
The Seven Years' War (French and Indian War) had drained the British treasury
Britain began to enforce new laws to raise taxes from the colonies.
Colonists said "No taxation without representation in Parliament!"
In 1773, colonists staged at the Boston Tea Party, hurling a cargo of new British tea into the harbor to protest a tax on tea
In 1770, British soldiers in Boston turned up a fire on a crowd that was attacking them with snow balls and stones. Colonists called the death of five protesters the “Boston Massacre”
July 1776
April 1775
1777
Battle of Saratoga in 1777 (American Victory) led French to join into American armies against its own rival, Britain.
April 1775, a crisis became to a war. The colonial leaders met in a Continental Congress to decide what action to do.
On July 4, 1776, American leaders adopted the Declaration, pledging “our lives, our fortunes, and our sacred honor” to the cause of the United States of America.
1783
1787
1781
The Bill of Rights (First 10 amendments to the Constitution): People have basic rights that government must protect
They signed for Treaty of Paris. Britain recognized the independence of the United States of America
Accepted the new nation's western frontier as the Mississippi River
Washington, with the help of the French fleet, forced the surrender of a British army at Yorktown, Virginia in 1781
It took a momentous step, voting to declare independence
from Britain
1781
1777
- The Declaration had claimed that people had the right “to alter or abolish” unjust government – a right to revolt.
- The king had trampled the colonists’ natural rights. He argued that the colonists had the right to rebel and set up a new government that would protect them.
- On July 4, 1776, American leaders adopted the Declaration, pledging “our lives, our fortunes, and our sacred honor” to the cause of the United States of America.
1783
1782
- American triumph over the British
- Convinced France to join against its old rival, Britain
- Britain recognized the independence of the United States of America
- Accepted the new nation's western frontier as the Mississippi River
- Absorbed the ideas of Locke, Montesquieu, and Rousseau
- Government in terms of a social contract: "We the People of the United States"
- Elective legislature & Elected president
- Freedom of religion, speech, and the press
- Rights trial by jury and to private property
- In France in 1789, a revolution in the name of liberty and equality toppled monarchy
- Other Europeans took up cry for freedom
- Only white men who met certain property requirements
- Adapted to changing conditions for more than 200 years
- Women and African Americans or Native Americans were excluded
1. The 13 English Colonies
2. Growing Discontent
3. The American Revolution
4. A New Constitution
By. Christina, Casey, Laily