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Diegetic and Non-diegetic Sound (including on and off screen diegetic sound) - 'The Diegetic' is a phrase used to describe the world of film and the film's 'Diegesis' always incorporates things in this world. We understand that there are events happening in the diegetic world in the background of a scene, as members of the audience. For instance, whilst two people onscreen are conversing and one of them has gone into the kitchen for a drink, we can hear the noise from the kitchen - clinking of glasses, running of the tap, etc, AND we can hear their conversation too. By using on-screen and off-screen diegetic sound, a view of a three-dimensional world is created instead of a flat screen. Clues can be given through off-screen sounds, such as hearing a scream and knowing that someone needs help. Non-diegetic sound is added on as it's NOT apart of the film world. It comes from outside the narrative space, such as the voice of a narrator or music.
Sound Bridges - Frequently, sound from the previous scene is carried over or into the next scene before seeing the images relevant for the new scene. If sound bridges weren't included in films they would be quite disjointed, as a coherent and 'wild' diegetic effect is created to give the film a sense of continuity.
Different Sound Effects in Film
Disorientated Sound - This type of sound cannot be heard fully and is normally muffled, which fades into the background.
Contrapuntal (meaning 'at a counterpoint to') Sound - This is when the music and action DO NOT relate to each other, such as in Jaws when scenes are shown on Amity Beach of content tourists, and the menacing, haunting 'dur, dur' sound is heard. This is a motif and a sign for the forthcoming entrance of the man-eating shark.
Parallel Sound - The mood and tone of the music goes with what's going on in a particular scene. For example, sad music is usually used during a sad moment.