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The Tower of Power

SYNTHESIS: BIODIVERCITIES

Dichotomy

Jumanji

Biodome

Motivations for Urban Greening

Dichotomy

Derived From the Literature

Human impact

Survivers of collapse

Friendship and Respect

In which one of these futures would you like to live?

Which BiodiverCity represents the most sustainable relationship between humans and animals in your view?

Does novel nature also provide for novel ecosystem services (ESS)?

Which ESS can you imagine for each BiodiverCity?

How would you as a researcher balance analytical methods with imaginative future visioning?

Why is imagination important in science?

Garden of Eden

BIMBY

The Shire

Unity

Hybrid

New Atlantis

Tower of Power focus

Colonisation > Protection of remnant green space/nature

Homogenisation > Protection of endemic natural remnants and intensification of cultural diversity

Garden of Eden focus

Pigeon paradox > Nature education and nature experience > empathy

Fragmentation > increasing connectivity/infrastructure/ecological functionality

Environmental justice

Biodome focus

Economic & Human well-being > Ecosystem Services

Jumanji focus

Environmental justice < participatory greening/guerilla/commu8nity gardening

Metabolic system > Lifestyle. life-cycle, consumption, and production processes

The Shire focus

Fragmentation > Increasing connectivity/infrastructure/ecological functionality

Pigeon paradox

Environmental justice

New Atlantis focus

Economic & Human wellbeing > Ecosystem services

Rethinking the relationship between cities and nature

is a pivotal challenge for nature conservation in the “Urban

Millennium” and also for the future of wilderness (United Nations 2012).

Dutch Citizens: N=517

What is concervation?

THE AGE OF NOVEL NATURE

Perspectives on biodiversity and conservation represented in IUCN Documents, MEA- and IPCC Scenarios

Anthropocene

FOCUS GLOBAL CONSERVATION REGIME

MARGINALISED

Worldviews of Dutch Population N=517

FUNCTIONAL MINIMALISM IN MAASTRICHT

A novel ecosystem is a "system of abiotic, biotic and social components (and their interactions) that, by virtue of human influence, differ from those that prevailed historically, having a tendency to self-organise and manifest novel qualities without intensive human manangement (Hobbs et al 2013, p.58)."

Oasis in the Desert of Phoenix

Preferences garden maintenance and functionality

Contribution of garden to local and global nature

"Cities can be richer in plant species, including in native species, than rural areas. Alien species can lead to both homogenization and differentiation among urban regions. Urban habitats can harbor self-sustaining populations of rare and endangered native species, but cannot replace the complete functionality of (semi-)natural remnants."

Ingo Kowarik (2011) Novel urban ecosystems, biodiversity, and conservation. Environmental Pollution 159;1974-1983

DE GROENE STAD?

Thank you!

Methods

-- Bee Collective.eu

Patchwork Approach

CARIJN BEUMER

ICIS, Maastricht University

Carijn.Beumer@maastrichtuniversity.nl

http://carijnbeumer.wix.com/bimby

Envisioning urban futures

Novel conceptions of nature

THE FUTURE OF NATURE AND ANIMALS?

1950

2000

Protecting Pristine Landscapes

2050

Embracing self organisational systems that may be achieved after human-mediated or impacted non-reversible shifts in environmental conditions (Kowarik 2013).

Novel Nature in Urban Futures

Cultural Theory

Urban Ecosystem Models

How cultural perspectives influence our relation to nature and animals in and around our homes

Paradise: Unity

Animals are friends -- Cities do not exist

Ecology: Dichotomy

Nature versus City/Culture/Man > city protects from nature

Wild nature needs to be tamed or conquered

Animals are enemies, rivals, or food.

  • Paradise
  • Ecology = Nature ≠ City/Man/Culture
  • Ecology in cities
  • Ecology of cities
  • City as part of global ecosystem
  • Hybrid ecosystem

Ecology in cities: Organic

Intrinsic value of nature

Good nature versus bad city

City can be improved by bringing in nature

Friendship and respect for/with animals

Ecology of Cities: Symmetry

Inclusive, Biophily, Reconciliation

City is Beehive/Beehive is City/Homo S. is Animal

Animals as a source of knowledge and learning for organising a well-functioning human society

Global Ecosystem: Network

Human impact, vulnerable nature,

complex system, global footprint, self-organisation

The ecological footprint of cities affects ecosystems indirectly from regional to global scales (Grimm 2008).

Animals are resources/treasures that need to be protected/conserved globally

Species level over individual level

Hybrid Ecosystem

Blurred lines between nature and artifice.

Animals are....?

Cyborgs ?

Hybrid Ecology is the complete integration of art, energy production and nature into a piece of work that transcends classification and becomes a place where nature and artifice combine to form the super-natural.

Carijn Beumer

Cities and Nature

Maastricht, 9 April 2015

PhD workshop Humans, animals and nature: a sustainable relationship?

Carijn.Beumer@maastrichtuniversity.nl

http://carijnbeumer.wix.com/bimby

Nature in cities

Cities in Nature

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