The Tower of Power
SYNTHESIS: BIODIVERCITIES
Dichotomy
Jumanji
Biodome
Motivations for Urban Greening
Dichotomy
Derived From the Literature
Human impact
Survivers of collapse
Friendship and Respect
In which one of these futures would you like to live?
Which BiodiverCity represents the most sustainable relationship between humans and animals in your view?
Does novel nature also provide for novel ecosystem services (ESS)?
Which ESS can you imagine for each BiodiverCity?
How would you as a researcher balance analytical methods with imaginative future visioning?
Why is imagination important in science?
Garden of Eden
BIMBY
The Shire
Unity
Hybrid
New Atlantis
Tower of Power focus
Colonisation > Protection of remnant green space/nature
Homogenisation > Protection of endemic natural remnants and intensification of cultural diversity
Garden of Eden focus
Pigeon paradox > Nature education and nature experience > empathy
Fragmentation > increasing connectivity/infrastructure/ecological functionality
Environmental justice
Biodome focus
Economic & Human well-being > Ecosystem Services
Jumanji focus
Environmental justice < participatory greening/guerilla/commu8nity gardening
Metabolic system > Lifestyle. life-cycle, consumption, and production processes
The Shire focus
Fragmentation > Increasing connectivity/infrastructure/ecological functionality
Pigeon paradox
Environmental justice
New Atlantis focus
Economic & Human wellbeing > Ecosystem services
Rethinking the relationship between cities and nature
is a pivotal challenge for nature conservation in the “Urban
Millennium” and also for the future of wilderness (United Nations 2012).
Dutch Citizens: N=517
What is concervation?
THE AGE OF NOVEL NATURE
Perspectives on biodiversity and conservation represented in IUCN Documents, MEA- and IPCC Scenarios
Anthropocene
FOCUS GLOBAL CONSERVATION REGIME
MARGINALISED
Worldviews of Dutch Population N=517
FUNCTIONAL MINIMALISM IN MAASTRICHT
A novel ecosystem is a "system of abiotic, biotic and social components (and their interactions) that, by virtue of human influence, differ from those that prevailed historically, having a tendency to self-organise and manifest novel qualities without intensive human manangement (Hobbs et al 2013, p.58)."
Oasis in the Desert of Phoenix
Preferences garden maintenance and functionality
Contribution of garden to local and global nature
"Cities can be richer in plant species, including in native species, than rural areas. Alien species can lead to both homogenization and differentiation among urban regions. Urban habitats can harbor self-sustaining populations of rare and endangered native species, but cannot replace the complete functionality of (semi-)natural remnants."
Ingo Kowarik (2011) Novel urban ecosystems, biodiversity, and conservation. Environmental Pollution 159;1974-1983
DE GROENE STAD?
Thank you!
Methods
-- Bee Collective.eu
Patchwork Approach
CARIJN BEUMER
ICIS, Maastricht University
Carijn.Beumer@maastrichtuniversity.nl
http://carijnbeumer.wix.com/bimby
Envisioning urban futures
Novel conceptions of nature
THE FUTURE OF NATURE AND ANIMALS?
1950
2000
Protecting Pristine Landscapes
2050
Embracing self organisational systems that may be achieved after human-mediated or impacted non-reversible shifts in environmental conditions (Kowarik 2013).
Novel Nature in Urban Futures
Cultural Theory
Urban Ecosystem Models
How cultural perspectives influence our relation to nature and animals in and around our homes
Paradise: Unity
Animals are friends -- Cities do not exist
Ecology: Dichotomy
Nature versus City/Culture/Man > city protects from nature
Wild nature needs to be tamed or conquered
Animals are enemies, rivals, or food.
- Paradise
- Ecology = Nature ≠ City/Man/Culture
- Ecology in cities
- Ecology of cities
- City as part of global ecosystem
- Hybrid ecosystem
Ecology in cities: Organic
Intrinsic value of nature
Good nature versus bad city
City can be improved by bringing in nature
Friendship and respect for/with animals
Ecology of Cities: Symmetry
Inclusive, Biophily, Reconciliation
City is Beehive/Beehive is City/Homo S. is Animal
Animals as a source of knowledge and learning for organising a well-functioning human society
Global Ecosystem: Network
Human impact, vulnerable nature,
complex system, global footprint, self-organisation
The ecological footprint of cities affects ecosystems indirectly from regional to global scales (Grimm 2008).
Animals are resources/treasures that need to be protected/conserved globally
Species level over individual level
Hybrid Ecosystem
Blurred lines between nature and artifice.
Animals are....?
Cyborgs ?
Hybrid Ecology is the complete integration of art, energy production and nature into a piece of work that transcends classification and becomes a place where nature and artifice combine to form the super-natural.
Carijn Beumer
Cities and Nature
Maastricht, 9 April 2015
PhD workshop Humans, animals and nature: a sustainable relationship?
Carijn.Beumer@maastrichtuniversity.nl
http://carijnbeumer.wix.com/bimby
Nature in cities
Cities in Nature