Cardiovascular diseases

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Mortality

What are common symptoms of cardiovascular diseases?

• CVDs are the number 1 cause of death globally: more people die annually from CVDs than from any other cause.
• An estimated 17.5 million people died from CVDs in 2012, representing 31% of all global deaths. Of these deaths, an estimated 7.4 million were due to coronary heart disease and 6.7 million were due to stroke .

• Often, there are no symptoms of the underlying disease of the blood vessels.
• A heart attack or a stroke may be the first warning of underlying disease.
• Symptoms of a heart attack include: -pain or discomfort in the centre of the chest; -pain or discomfort in the arms, the left shoulder, elbows, jaw, or back.
• Symptoms of a stroke include: - sudden weakness of the face, arm, or leg, most often on one side of the body.

What are the risk factors for cardiovascular disease?

• The most important behavioural risk factors of heart disease and stroke are an unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, tobacco use and harmful use of alcohol.
• The effects of behavioural risk factors may show up in individuals as raised blood pressure, raised blood glucose, raised blood lipids, and obesity.
• These “intermediate risk factors” can be measured in primary care facilities and indicate an increased risk of developing a heart attack, stroke, heart failure and other complications.

Different cardiovascular diseases

• Cardiovascular diseases include: -coronary heart disease -cerebrovascular disease -peripheral arterial disease -rheumatic heart disease -congenital heart disease -deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism .

What are cardiovascular diseases?

• Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a group of disorders of the heart and blood vessels.
• Research has shown that usually women suffer from cardiovascular diseases that affect the blood vessels. Men suffer from diseases that affect the heart muscle.

Cardiovascular diseases

• Heart attacks and strokes are usually acute events and are mainly caused by a blockage that prevents blood from flowing to the heart or brain.
• The cause of heart attacks and strokes are usually the presence of a combination of risk factors.

Saku Gymnasium

2016

Prevention of cardiovascular diseases

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• A low-fat, high-fiber diet including whole grains and fruit and vegetables.
• No smoking and avoidance of second-hand smoking
• Limit alcohol consumption to the recommended daily limits
• Lower blood pressures, if elevated
• Decrease non-HDL cholesterol
• Decrease body fat if overweight or obese
• More daily activity
• Reduce sugar consumptions
• Decrease psychosocial stress.

Used literature

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiovascular_disease#Prevention
• http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs317/en/
• ttps://www.google.ee/search?q=cardiovascular+diseases&espv=2&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjRi4iOks7PAhWHhiwKHfayCuAQ_AUICCgB&biw=1366&bih=662#imgrc=_