5TH SS U.6 The Early Modern Period

16th and 17th Century

Fernando and Isabel had 5 kids. Juan, the oldest died and his sister, Princess Isabel, died soon after.

Princess Isabel son became heir but died in 1500. Juana became heir. She was married to Philip of Hapsburg. They had a son: Carlos. When Fernando died in 1516 Juana's son became Carlos I of Castilla and Aragón.

Under the Hapsburg, Spain became and enormous international empire with territories in Europe, Asia, Africa and America.

Carlos I and Felipe II were the most important Hapsburg kings.

In the 17th century, the Hapsburg kings were Felipe III, Felipe IV and Carlos II. They had many problems because there was an economical crisis in Europe and they also fought wars against other countries. By the end of this century Spain had lost some of his lands. Carlos II died in 1700. That was the end of the Hapsburg dynasty because he didn't have any children.

• 18TH CENTURY
• WAR OF THE SPANISH SUCCESSION
• The war ended with the Treaty of Utrecht (1713) and Rastatt (1714). Felipe V agreed to:
• To give up his right to the French throne
• Give territories in the low countries and Italy to Austria
• Give the territories of Gibraltar and Menorca to Great Britain
• Felipe V of Spain (1st half 18 C)
• Centralised the government
• Divided Spain into provinces
• Carlos III (2nd half 18 C)
• Modernised the country: roads and canals
• Created new institutions: Royal Academies, Museum of Natural History, Royal Astronomical Observatory

The Early Modern Period

The Bourbons

GOYA

The Spanish Golden Age

• 1580 - 1660 great Spanish artists and writers: GOLDEN AGE
• 16 C : RENAISSANCE
• EL GRECO. Greek painter came to Toledo in 1577
• 17 C : BAROQUE
• MURILLO: religious paintings.
• VELÁZQUEZ: painter of the court of Felipe IV
• WRITERS:
• CERVANTES: Don Quijote
• LOPE DE VEGA
• TIRSO DE MOLINA

THE DISCOVERY OF AMERICA

On the 12th of October, 1492, three ships under the command of Cristobal Colón reached the shores of America

The Catholic Monarchs

Isabel of Castilla

Fernando of Aragón and Isabel of Castilla

• United the kingdoms of Castilla and Aragón
• Created a modern state
• They conquered Granada from the Muslims in 1492. This was the end of the Reconquista
• They expanded their kingdom to include the Canary Islands, Melilla and Navarra.
• Gave money to Columbus for a voyage of discovery.
• Established the Inquisition in 1478

When Enrique king of Castilla and brother of Isabel died in 1447, Isabel declared herself the queen. Enrique's daughter Juana also wanted to rule. There was a war that Isabel won in 1479

The Hapsburgs

Inquisition

Isabel and Fernando were intolerant towards other religions. They wanted religious unity on their kingdom. They established the Inquisition in 1478. This was an organisation with special power to find people who didn't follow the official Catholic religion. The Inquisition arrested and interrogated people. Sometimes people were tortured and killed.

In 1492 Fernando and Isabel expelled Jewish people from their kingdom

A new figure in the Spanish politics appeared: the valido. The three monarchs to ruled Spain during the 17th century delegated their power to the validos, who ran the country on their behalf.