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THE RENAISSANCE & THE RISE OF NEW MONARCHIES

Arose in Western Europe

Spain, France, and England

Developed in the 14th C

Developed towards the end of the Middle Ages

All of the following contributed to the development of new monarchies...

  • Black Plague
  • 100 Years' War
  • Dissolution of the feudal system
  • Rise of towns and cities
  • Rise of the middle class

Took power away from representative bodies

Diplomacy between states

Created royal courts and made rule hereditary

Black Death & 100 Years' War left nation...

  • depopulated
  • commercially ruined
  • agriculturally weak
  • Ruthless ruler
  • Open rebellion against father Charles VII
  • Banished from Court
  • Seized land & eliminated rebellious vassals
  • Created postal service

House of York

vs.

House of Lancaster

House of Lancaster ruled until 1461 when Edward IV of York took over

He increased the power and finances of the monarchy causing disruptive violence at the local level

Richard III usurped power from Edward's sons in 1484

Used Machiavellian methods to restore royal prestige, crush the power of the nobility, and to establish order & law at the local level

Henry Tudor (Lancastrian) defeated Richard III on Bosworth Field in 1485

Also known as Henry VII

Used justices of the peace (unpaid local officials) to handle things on the local level

Did not use parliament to collect funds

Used middle class people as his chief ministers

Collected money from feudal dues and taxes on imports

Until the mid 15th century, the Iberian Peninsula was controlled by...

United when Isabella of Castille and Ferdinand of Aragon married in 1469

  • Pursued a common foreign policy
  • Allowed CPANG to maintain their own cortes, laws, courts, and system of taxation
  • Expelled Muslims from Granada
  • Forced Jews to convert
  • Conversos or New Christians = new converts
  • well-educated & held positions in government, church, medicine, law, & business
  • Persecuted those who would not follow under the Inquisition
  • "Purity of Blood" laws
  • Created a system of electing the Emperor with the Golden Bull in 1356
  • Created a Reichstag to balance the rights of the Emperor with the rights of the princes
  • Hapsburg dynasty controlled position of HRE after 1438
  • Used marriage to take over land (Austria married into Burgandy and later into Spain)

Where?

When?

LOUIS XI

"The Universal Spider"

Concordat of Bologna

  • Established crown over church authority
  • Between Francis I and Pope Leo X
  • Allowed the French ruler to control the appointment of bishops

What?

Sovereign states with centralized authority where decisions are made by a king and power is exercised through his agents

Who fixed these problems?

Taboo Review

EFFECTIVE TAXES

CHARLES VII

• New Monarchies

• Charles VII

• Gabelle

• Taille

• Louis XI

• War of Roses

• Edward IV of York

• Richard III

• Henry VII/Tudor

• Court of Star Chamber

• CPANG

• Isabella & Ferdinand

• Inquisition

• Charles I

• Reichstag

Taboo Review

• New Monarchies

• Charles VII

• REST

• Gabelle

• Taille

• Louis XI

• Concordat of Bologna

How to deal with aristocratic threats?

HENRY TUDOR

RICHARD III

EDWARD IV OF YORK

Characteristics

of

New Monarchies

Taboo Review

• War of Roses

• York

• Lancaster

• Edward IV

• Richard III

• Henry Tudor/VII

• Court of Star Chamber

Taboo Review

• CPANG

• Isabella & Ferdinand

• Cortes

• New Christians

• Inquisition

• “Purity of Blood” laws

• Charles I

• Charles V

War of Roses

1455-1485

2 min

CPANG

Standing armies instead of the feudal system

Aragon

Castille

Navarre

Portugal

Centralized authority in the hands of the king

Granada

4 min

Taxes on the peasantry and borrowed money

Controlled the church by appointing bishops in Spain & Hispanic territories in America

Grandson, Charles V, inherited Spain, the Netherlands, and the HRE

Replaced nobles with middle class in government positions

Christianized all of Spain

Grandchild, Charles I, was the 1st ruler of all of Spain

Promoted overseas exploration

Professional bureaucracy made up of the middle class instead of nobility

Parliament in England, Cortes in Spain, and Estates General in France

Married a York to solidify throne

Gabelle

Tax on salt instituted to raise money

King didn't use the Estates General to tax people after 1484

Taille

Tax on the peasant's land

Limited the power of the aristocracy

Improved the court system by creating the Court of Star Chamber

Led England to prosperity and peace

  • When he died, he left the country...
  • at peace domestically/internationally
  • with a treasury
  • an expanded wool trade
  • the dignity of royalty enhanced
  • 1422-1461
  • Reorganized royal council to include middle class men
  • reconciled waring factions
  • Established a permanent professional army
  • Expelled the English
  • Strengthened royal finances
  • Gabelle & Taille
  • Territorial expansion
  • Enlarged state of France

REST

Did not keep a standing army

Generated loyalty among the middle class because he did not tax them

2 min

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