THE RENAISSANCE & THE RISE OF NEW MONARCHIES
Arose in Western Europe
Spain, France, and England
Developed in the 14th C
Developed towards the end of the Middle Ages
All of the following contributed to the development of new monarchies...
- Black Plague
- 100 Years' War
- Dissolution of the feudal system
- Rise of towns and cities
- Rise of the middle class
Took power away from representative bodies
Diplomacy between states
Created royal courts and made rule hereditary
Black Death & 100 Years' War left nation...
- depopulated
- commercially ruined
- agriculturally weak
- Ruthless ruler
- Open rebellion against father Charles VII
- Banished from Court
- Seized land & eliminated rebellious vassals
- Created postal service
House of York
vs.
House of Lancaster
House of Lancaster ruled until 1461 when Edward IV of York took over
He increased the power and finances of the monarchy causing disruptive violence at the local level
Richard III usurped power from Edward's sons in 1484
Used Machiavellian methods to restore royal prestige, crush the power of the nobility, and to establish order & law at the local level
Henry Tudor (Lancastrian) defeated Richard III on Bosworth Field in 1485
Also known as Henry VII
Used justices of the peace (unpaid local officials) to handle things on the local level
Did not use parliament to collect funds
Used middle class people as his chief ministers
Collected money from feudal dues and taxes on imports
Until the mid 15th century, the Iberian Peninsula was controlled by...
United when Isabella of Castille and Ferdinand of Aragon married in 1469
- Pursued a common foreign policy
- Allowed CPANG to maintain their own cortes, laws, courts, and system of taxation
- Expelled Muslims from Granada
- Forced Jews to convert
- Conversos or New Christians = new converts
- well-educated & held positions in government, church, medicine, law, & business
- Persecuted those who would not follow under the Inquisition
- "Purity of Blood" laws
- Created a system of electing the Emperor with the Golden Bull in 1356
- Created a Reichstag to balance the rights of the Emperor with the rights of the princes
- Hapsburg dynasty controlled position of HRE after 1438
- Used marriage to take over land (Austria married into Burgandy and later into Spain)
Where?
When?
LOUIS XI
"The Universal Spider"
Concordat of Bologna
- Established crown over church authority
- Between Francis I and Pope Leo X
- Allowed the French ruler to control the appointment of bishops
What?
Sovereign states with centralized authority where decisions are made by a king and power is exercised through his agents
Who fixed these problems?
Taboo Review
EFFECTIVE TAXES
CHARLES VII
• New Monarchies
• Charles VII
• Gabelle
• Taille
• Louis XI
• War of Roses
• Edward IV of York
• Richard III
• Henry VII/Tudor
• Court of Star Chamber
• CPANG
• Isabella & Ferdinand
• Inquisition
• Charles I
• Reichstag
Taboo Review
• New Monarchies
• Charles VII
• REST
• Gabelle
• Taille
• Louis XI
• Concordat of Bologna
How to deal with aristocratic threats?
HENRY TUDOR
RICHARD III
EDWARD IV OF YORK
Characteristics
of
New Monarchies
Taboo Review
• War of Roses
• York
• Lancaster
• Edward IV
• Richard III
• Henry Tudor/VII
• Court of Star Chamber
Taboo Review
• CPANG
• Isabella & Ferdinand
• Cortes
• New Christians
• Inquisition
• “Purity of Blood” laws
• Charles I
• Charles V
War of Roses
1455-1485
2 min
CPANG
Standing armies instead of the feudal system
Aragon
Castille
Navarre
Portugal
Centralized authority in the hands of the king
Granada
4 min
Taxes on the peasantry and borrowed money
Controlled the church by appointing bishops in Spain & Hispanic territories in America
Grandson, Charles V, inherited Spain, the Netherlands, and the HRE
Replaced nobles with middle class in government positions
Christianized all of Spain
Grandchild, Charles I, was the 1st ruler of all of Spain
Promoted overseas exploration
Professional bureaucracy made up of the middle class instead of nobility
Parliament in England, Cortes in Spain, and Estates General in France