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Transcript

History of the apple

Major Players in

Adams County

Knouse Foods (Processing)

Rice Fruit Co. (Packaging)

Industry Obstacles

Apples

Pesticide regulation

Food safety laws

Jim Lott at Bonnie Brae Orchards

International competition

Ben Wenk at Three Springs Fruit Farm

Immigration laws

Unique Characteristics

Temptation

Heterozygosity

Grafting

Tradition

"Chance seedlings"

American culture

7,500 varieties worldwide

2,500 varieties in the U.S.

12 varieties at Bonnie Brae

"Pome" fruit

Apple imagery in American culture

Bruises easily

Store easily

Nutrition

Advent of Cold Atmospheric Storage

(CAS)

The all-American family

Innovation

Quick Stats

United States

Industry Innovation

Adams County, PA

  • 7,500 growers
  • 379,000 acres
  • 2nd largest global producer after China
  • 9,953.6 million pounds produced in 2009
  • Average American eats approximatley 19 lbs. of fresh apples a year
  • In 2008, Americans ate an average of 49.8 pounds of fresh and processed apples

Scanners

The real face of the American apple

The Modern Food System

Bushel bins

Profit

Dwarf trees

The EPA evalutes endosulfan, a chemical widely used in conventional apple orchards. Growers fear that it will be banned.

China emerges as a major producer of apples and a potential threat to US apple growers by USApple.

McDonald’s announces a decision to include sliced apples and fewerfries in Happy Meal as part of a healthy nutrition campaign.

Adam and Eve leave the Garden of Eden after tasting the forbidden fruit, rumored to be an apple.

Sir Isaac Newton discovers gravity,

with the help of a falling apple.

Famous American naturalist writer Henry David Thoreau writes "Wild Apples: History of the Apple Tree," relating the historyof the apple tree to the history of man.

Air-blast pesticide "smart sprays"

William Lott starts Bonnie Brae orchards in York Springs, PA. This is a primary orchard visited by Dickinson students in Mexican Migration Mosaics, now run by Jim Lott.

Rice Fruit Company, a fresh fruit packing facility, is established in Adams County.

Mechanized

Monoculture

Pesticides

Processing

Bonnie

Brae

Vertical integration

4027 BC

1913

1905-25

1920-33

1862

1774

1666

1927

1949

1629

2011

Oct. 2009

2009

March 2009

2005

1950s

Adams County apple growers begin using industrial agricultural methods to grow their apples to compete in a rapidly globalizing and competitive marketplace.

Adams County secures its role as the largest apple producing county in Pennsylvania.

Johnny Appleseed is born. He proceeds to spread the apple tree across the American West, in a true pioneering effort.

The Pilgrims of Massachusetts Bay Colony plant their first apples, choosing not to cultivate the native Sour Crab Apple native to the region.

Controlled atmospheric storage

Knouse Foods Cooperative, Inc. is established by Adams County fruit growers. Knouse processes apples and other fruits into finished products such as apple cider, pie filling, applesauce, and more.

The US Senate passes the FDA Food Safety Modernization Act, granting the FDA increased authority to impose food safety laws on the growing, harvesting and packaging of "high-risk" fruits and vegetables.

The US terminates the US-Mexico Cross Border Trucking Pilot Program. Mexico retaliates by imposing import tariffs, including a 20% tariff on fresh and dried apples. Given that Mexico is the largest export market for US apples, this is a major blow for the US apple industry.

The phrase "an apple a day keeps the doctor away" is popularized to promote the apple as a nutritious food rather than a primary ingredient in hard cider during the days of Prohibition.

Globalization

Ecolabeling

  • Food Alliance Certified
  • Organic

Pennsylvania is the 4th largest apple producing state in the U.S.

Marginalization

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