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England

(Obviously)

Alan Turing

  • was mathematics complete?
  • was mathematics consistent?
  • was mathematics decidable?

Entscheidungsproblem or decision problem

the answer was believed to be "yes" to all three.

  • disproved Hilbert's assumption

  • Universal (Turing) Machine
  • capable of solving any calculation
  • foundation of the logical operations used in all digital electronic computers

Cambridgeshire

  • Dec 1930 - elected to scholarship at King's College

Cambridge

Milton Keynes

Bletchley Park

G

F

Testery

D

H

Newmanry

E

11

3

A

Cottage

C

6

B

8

Mansion

4

Alan Turing and

The Bombe

The Enigma Machine

  • invented by a Dutchman in 1919
  • used by Germans in WWII to encipher and decipher messages
  • Turing had come up with a design for a machine to speed up the decoding process within two months working at Bletchley Park.
  • Letters would be switched in pairs (e.g., A becomes E and vice versa)
  • Every key press would rotate the first rotor one position
  • One full rotation of the first rotor would rotate the second rotor one position, and so on
  • cribs - common phrases that were likely to be found in a message
  • the bombe would go through all possible Enigma settings searching for settings where the crib was possible

  • Turing also came up with Banburismus and Turingery

Buckinghamshire

one of the most interesting and unsung intellectual minds in history.

Greater London

Maida Vale

  • Alan Mathison Turing born in Maida Vale, June 23rd, 1912

East Sussex

Dorset

Sherborne

Hastings

  • Alan went on to Sherborne School

St. Leonards-on-Sea

"Not very good. He spends a good deal of time apparently in investigations in advanced mathematics to the neglect of elementary work. A sound groundwork is essential in any subject. His work is dirty."

"I feel sure that I shall meet Morcom again somewhere and that there will be some work for us to do together, and as I believed there was for us to do here. Now that I am left to do it alone I must not let him down but put as much energy into it, if not as much interest, as if he were still here. If I succeed I shall be more fit to enjoy his company than I am now."

  • John and Alan were left with a retired Army couple, Colonel and Mrs Ward
  • Alan attended St. Michael's
  • met Christopher Morcom late 1927
  • Chris shared Alan's passion for science
  • Alan and Chris both tried to win scholarships to Trinity
  • Christopher died of bovine tuberculosis on February 13th, 1930
  • "he made everyone else seem so ordinary"
  • Alan later became an atheist, though he still believed in the afterlife
  • Around 1927 Alan wrote a Précis of Einstein's Theory of Relativity
  • Alan identified the crucial point
  • he extrapolated Einstein's questioning of Newton's Laws of Motion

Dear Mrs Morcom,

I want to say how sorry I am about Chris. During the last year I worked with him continually and I am sure I could not have found anywhere another companion so brilliant and yet so charming and unconceited. I regarded my interest in my work, and in such things as astronomy (to which he introduced me) as something to be shared with him and I think he felt a little the same about me. Although that interest is partly gone, I know I must put as much energy if not as much interest into my work as if he were alive, because that is what he would like me to do. I feel sure that you could not possibly have had a greater loss.

Yours sincerely, Alan Turing

Christopher Morcom

Alan Turing

GC&CS

Tributes

Post-War

Pre-War

Background

  • 1945 - Automatic Computing Engine (ACE)
  • construction delayed
  • Turing became disillusioned

Family

Alonzo Church

  • Julius Mathison Turing
  • worked for the Indian Civil Service
  • Ethel Sara Turing (née Stoney)
  • John Turing
  • born September 1st, 1908
  • published his own paper on the Entscheidungsproblem using lambda calculus
  • Turing's method was more direct

Julius Mathison Turing

awarded annually since 1966

Breaking the Code

  • Based on Andrew Hodges' book Alan Turing: The Enigma

  • 1986 London's West End
  • 1987 Broadway
  • 1996 BBC television production
  • Traveled to Princeton in New Jersey, U.S.A.
  • Cipher machine idea
  • multiplied two long binary numbers together to produce enciphered text
  • "if a machine is expected to be infallible, it cannot also be intelligent"
  • other theorems rested on the condition that machines must not make mistakes
  • "this is not a requirement for intelligence"
  • suggested incorporating a random number generator to create a "learning machine"

Starring Derek Jacobi

Alan Turing

Memorial

In Sackville Park, Manchester

Unveilled 2001

  • "Can machines do what we (as thinking entities) can do?"
  • the "Imitation Game"
  • If a judge cannot reliably tell the machine from the human, the machine has passed the Turing test

Bletchley Park

Statue

Completely

Automated

Public

Turing test to tell

Computers and

Humans

Apart

  • 1.5-ton, life-size statue
  • unveiled June 19 2007
  • Built from approximately half a million pieces of Welsh slate
  • sculpted by Stephen Kettle
  • commissioned by the late American billionaire Sidney Frank.

Conviction & Death

When asked if the Apple logo was inspired by Alan Turing, Steve Jobs replied

  • In 1952 Alan Turing started a relationship with Arnold Murray
  • Both men were later charged with gross indecency
  • Turing plead guilty and was given a choice between imprisonment and probation along with hormonal treatment
  • Conviction led to the removal of his security clearance and preventing him from working further with the GC&CS

"God we wish it were."

  • Turing died of cyanide poisoning June 7th 1954
  • Believed to have been suicide
  • Could have been an accident due to an experiment with cyanide
  • Andrew Hodges suggests the experiment was arranged deliberately to give his mother some plausible deniability

The Imitation Game

(2014)

Starring Benedict Cumberbatch

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