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Opening the West | Chapter 18
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Opening the West | Chapter 18
The Dawes Act (1887)
Assimilation
Sod House
Following the Buffalo
The Arrival of Horses
Transcontinental Railroad
Indian Peoples of the Great Plains
The Homestead Act 1862
Government Encouraged Growth
Life on the Plains
Transcontinental Railroad
Plains Indians had rich & varied cultures.
Provided free land to settlers
The buffalo served as a living grocery store for Plain Indians.
During the 1600s the plains Indian's way of life changed with the introduction of horses from neighboring tribes.
The sod house or "soddy" was an often used alternative to the log cabin during frontier settlement of the Great Plains.
The Homestead Act & the Pacific Railway Act both encouraged settlement west of the Mississippi River.
Uses of the Buffalo
The Plains Indians hunted deer & elk, BUT they depended on buffalo for food, clothing, and shelter.
Different Indian peoples lived on the Great Plains, and many relied on the horse and the buffalo as they developed their varied cultures and traditions
Tepees
The Plain Indians began to live in tepees, or tents made by stretching buffalo skins on tall poles.
In the second half of the 1800s the federal government encouraged the building of the transcontinental railroad by giving land to railroad companies.
Buffalo meat, rich in protein, was a main item of the Indian's diet. Women cut up & dried the meat on racks. The dried meat was called jerky.
Travois (truh VOI)
Tepees and many other items could easily be carried on a travois, or sled by a dog or horse.
They had well-organized religions and warrior societies
They were skilled artists
Each nation had its own language. People from different nations used sign language to talk to one another.
Plains Indians used horses while hunting, moving their villages and going on raids.
The Spanish had brought horses to the Americas in the late 1400s.
In the 1680 the Pueblo Indians revolted against the Spaniards. They Pueblo Indians were left with thousands of horses. They traded these horses with other tribes and eventually these horses reached the northern Plains.
The Buffalo Hunt
Before horses came to the Plains, a group of hunters would shout and wave colored robes at the buffalo. This would drive the herd in to a corral, or enclosure.
Fort Laramie Treaty (1868)
The result of this treaty was the confiscation of native lands to build forts on the plains.
The Dawes Act (1887)
Assimilation
The Dawes Act (1887)
The objective of the Dawes Act was to assimilate Native American Indians into mainstream US society by annihilating their cultural and social traditions.