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Mass Spectrometry
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Transcript
Analyzing Unknowns Using the Molecular Ion
Mass spectrometry is used to differentiate between compounds with similar physical properties but different molecular weights
General Features
Example: Pentane
Nitrogen Rule:
Compounds with an odd number of nitrogen atoms will give an odd number of molecular ions
Other Types of Mass Spectrometry
Mass Spectrometry
- High Resolution Mass Spec
- Gas Chromotography- Mass Spectrometry
- Mass Spectra of High Molecular weight Biomolecules
Mass Spec is extremely useful especially when used in sync with IR spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)
Jameson Reich
Josh Burton
Rachel Olsen
High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry
Gas Chromatography - Mass Spec (GC-MS)
- Combo of two analysis types - useful when there are multiple components
- GC separates the molecules based on BP
- Mass Spec gives spectrum for each component
- Used widely for analyzing mixtures containing environmental pollutants
- also used in urine based drug tests.
- these measure m/z values to 4 decimal places
- only C has whole number MW at 12.0000
- exact MW helps determine the exact chemical formula for our molecular ion
- low res mass spec rounds to whole numbers
- ex if low res gives value of 60 compound could be C3H8O (60.0575) C2H4O2 (60.0211) or C2H8N2 (60.0688)
- This is most useful when considering unknown samples.
Alkyl Halides and the M+2 Peak
Mass Spectra of High Molecular Weight Biomolecules
Alkyl halides such as chlorine and bromine have two common isotopes.
- Chlorine's naturally occurring isotopes, 35Cl and 37Cl, peak in a 3:1 ratio with the larger peak corresponding to 35Cl.
- Bromine has 79Br and 81Br isotopes occur in a 1:1 ratio
- up to 1980 only molecules 800 or less could be analyzed
- electrospray ionization' (ESI) forms ions through charged droplets. Then analyzed for m/z ratio
- can analyze molecules up to 100,000 Daltons
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