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History of Hebrew

Revival of Hebrew Language

Gender Differences in Hebrew

  • 1881: Eliezer Ben-Yehuda began reviving language
  • Due to local movements, Hebrew replaced local Jewish dialects such as Yiddish, Persian, and Arabic
  • Hebrew is the most widely spoken language in Israel today
  • Women: books were in Yiddish and they did not learn Hebrew
  • Men: learned Hebrew

Background

  • Hebrew language was born in 2000 BCE
  • Spoken language died in 200 CE
  • Survived only as a written language, specifically in the Torah and other religious texts
  • Jews were persecuted globally, so they learned other languages to assimilate
  • Aramaic was the language spoken in Persia, Syria, and Israel during this time

Hebrew in the Soviet Union

  • Use of Hebrew was banned
  • Teachers were imprisoned for creating a Hebrew network
  • Hebrew books were seized from libraries
  • Yiddish was the only recognized national language of the Russian Jews

British Mandate in Israel

  • 1922: Hebrew established as one of the three official languages in Israel (other two were Arabic and English)
  • Needed universal language to connect the many different people arriving in Israel in the 20th century
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