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tendency to prefer one perspective, view or opinion; usually one-sided, not neutral, fair or accurate
process of selecting and placing information; focusing on particular stories while ignoring others
"Burying" the story= placing in an area where few people will look; scheduling for times when few people will watch TV. Failing to follow up with information that clarifies stories.
Advertiser's $$ funds the news. Editors select news that draws larger audiences and pleases the advertiser's opinions or views
Any expression of opinion, analysis or solutions is subjective versus objective.
* 1st person point of view: "I" "we"
* Superlatives: "always," "never," "must"
* Belief statements: "I believe," "I think"
* Inflammatory language designed to anger or excite
* Judgment statements that attack rather then report
("they" accusations; use of qualifying adj or adverbs)
* Solution suggestions using words like "could," "should," "must"
Non-critical:
"It's true if I/we believe it's true."
"It's true if it supports my argument."
Critical:
|I want to believe it, but it may be wrong."
"My own biases make me believe somethings are true that are not."
"It may not support my argument, but it makes me think and is worth considering."
Consider where the news item came from! Does that source have a bias? Is it connected to an advertiser or special interest group?What sources are not included?
numbers can be inflated or down-played; numbers imply facts;
use positive or negative labels to describe people; use of prestigious titles
choosing to add or omit information or details from a story
Summary may present hidden bias or prejudice
Focus on stories that promote fear, anger, and excitement. Shock sells!
pictures, photos, and charts draw attention and influence the audience's perception of the events presented and their importance
using particular tone to "spin" a story so the audience perceives it in a particular way
Television, film, video and radio; video games too!
continuously updated
news and information sites,
blogs, email, u-tube and
social networks
Choose words with positive or negative connotations; manipulate our emotions
Stories progress from beginning to end, yet with limited time and word space reporters may offer conclusions before they have all the facts.
If a reporter doesn't search for a variety of perspectives, a report may be inaccurate, opinionated and/or based on emotions rather than facts.
books, pamphlets, magazines, comics, newspapers, posters, advertisements, etc.
Reporters may omit facts that encourage critical thinking about an event. Omitting or adding facts encourages the audience to think a particular way.
Situational Bias
Failure to present "Who, What, When, Where, Why and How" results in simplistic reports.
Some news stories need background information in order to be fairly understood. (language, geography, culture, history)
Rapid-fire news delivery and streaming sub-titles don't allow viewers to think carefully about stories.