Aluminium Oxynitride

Why is it transparent?

Process of heating and quickly cooling leads to rigid molecules(like solid) and disordered arrangement (like liquids)

Conclusion

This means?

Band Theory

When Photon hits a substance:

ALON electrons need more energy to jump from one energy band to another.

1) absorb

2) reflect

3) Pass through

1) High Melting Point

2) High Thermal Resistance

3) High Electrical Resistance

4)Brittle and Strong

5)Not Reactive

ALON is used for Armour as it is:

1) Transparent

2) Really Strong

3) Tough

4) Hard

5) High Thermal and Electrical Resistance

6) Not Reactive

7) Durable

8) Superior to Bulletproof Glass

If its so good and better than bullet proof glass, why is it not used everywhere?

However, It takes a long time to make and it is extremely expensive.

IT's SUPER EXPENSIVE!

US$20,000/m2

Source: http://science.howstuffworks.com/transparent-aluminum-armor4.htm

Mechanically Polished

Source: http://makezine.com/2012/01/17/transparent-aluminum/

Armour

Heated at temperature of over 2000 C for several days

Aluminium Oxynitride

(aka Transparent Aluminium)

How it is Made

Al23O27N5

at 100MPa

Compressed in a tank of hydraulic fluid

http://science.howstuffworks.com/transparent-aluminum-armor1.htm

http://science.howstuffworks.com/question404.htm

http://www.surmet.com/technology/alon-optical-ceramics/index.php

www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=8095

www.tf.uni-kiel.de/matwis/amat/def_en/kap_2/basics/b2_1_6.html

US Army FM 23-65

www.boeing.com/boeing/commercial/747/family/pf/pf_400_prod.page

makezine.com/2012/01/17/transparent-aluminium/

www.swiss-jewel.com/property.html

www.almazoptics.com/sapphire.htm

www.roditi.com/SingleCrystal/Sapphire/Properties.html

Bibliography

by Angus Yeung

.50 cal bullet

placed into a mould

Aluminum Oxynitride Powder

Angus Yeung

Image Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rifle_cartridge_comparison.jpg

Source: http://www.surmet.com/

Image from: http://www.tf.uni-kiel.de/matwis/amat/def_en/kap_2/basics/b2_1_6.html

Image from: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5a/Spinel.GIF

Image from: http://wikis.lib.ncsu.edu/images/9/98/Limn2o43.png

1) Only Covalent and Ionic Bonds which are the strongest bonds

2) Giant Lattice

What this means:

Feel free to ask any questions

Image provided by Getty Images

Thank You For Watching!

1. polycrystalline

2. cubic spinal structure

Source: http://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=8095

Structure

Compressive strength 2.68 GPa

Flexural strength 0.38-0.7 GPa

Fracture toughness 2 MPa.m1/2

Knoop hardness 1800 kg/mm2

Poisson ratio 0.24

Shear modulus 135 GPa

Young modulus 334 GPa

Source: 1) US Army FM 23-65

2) http://www.boeing.com/boeing/commercial/747family/pf/pf_400_prod.page

Properties

How does it do it?

3.7 inch bulletproof glass fails

1.6 inch ALON armor defeats bullet

Sources: http://www.swiss-jewel.com/property.html

http://www.almazoptics.com/sapphire.htm

http://www.roditi.com/SingleCrystal/Sapphire/Properties.html

1)Muzzle velocity of bullet: 893m/s

2)Highest velocity of Boeing 747: 253m/s

(Speed of Sound 343m/s)

Compressive Strength 2GPa

Flexural Strength 0.48-0.9 GPa

Fracture toughness 6MPa.m1/2

Knoop Hardness 1370 kg/mm2

Poisson's Ratio 0.25

Shear Modulus 148GPa

Young's Modulus 335GPa

Properties of Sapphire