World History Released Test

Ancient Roman Cultural Achievements:

• Roman architectural styles are found throughout the world.
• Roman law is the basis for legal practice in Europe, former European Colonies, and Latin America.
• Roman roads, called the greatest engineering accomplishment of their time, are still used in some places today.
• Roman art was the inspiration for many works during the Renaissance period.

Which statement is consistent with the cultural influence of Ancient Rome on other civilizations?

• Rome has had a lasting impact on the modern art world.
• Rome has had an enduring impact on modern civilizations.
• The Romans greatly influenced early African societies.
• The Romans greatly influenced Greek society.

Grain and animals are abundant, so that the consumption of milk and butter is considerable. But salt is in very short supply because it is carried here from Tegaza, some 500 miles from Timbuktu. I happened to be in this city at a time when a load of salt sold for eighty ducats. The king has a rich treasure of coins and gold ingots. One of these ingots weights 970 pounds...Instead of coined money, pure gold nuggets are used; and for small purchases, cowrie shells of which 400 equal a ducat. Six and two-thirds of their ducats equal one Roman once of gold.

-Leo Africanus, 1526

How did Timbuktu influence expansion in West Africa?

• Timbuktu was at the center of the gold and salt trade.
• Timbuktu's democratic government encouraged economic development.
• Timbuktu produced food surpluses and salt for trade.
• Timbuktu's cultural reputation was enhanced by treasures in gold.

How did movements like the Protestant Reformation contribute to the rise of nation-states?

• It ended the practice of serfdom.
• It gave the right of self-government.
• It united all Christians. under one leader.
• It challenged the absolute power of the pope.

How did the revolution in printing contribute to increased global interaction during the Renaissance?

• by providing free books to all people
• by requiring people to read scripture
• by increasing profits from publishing
• by making it easier to spread ideas

2. The epilogue of justice which Hammurabi, the wise king, established; a righteous law, and pious statute did he teache the land...the decisions which I have made will this inscription show him; let him rule his subjects accordingly, speak justice to them, give right decisions, roots out the miscreants, and criminals from this land, and grant prosperity to his subjects. Hammurabi, the king of righteousness, on whom Shamash has conferred right (or law) am I. My words are well considered; my deeds are not equaled; to bring low those that were high; to humble the proud, to expel insolence.

Code of Hammurabi, Epilogue

How did implementation of codified laws such as the Code of Hammurabi affect people of ancient societies?

• It unified the various peoples and laws within the empire.
• It reduced the authority fo the king over the citizens.
• It limited the role of government in the lives of citizens.
• It established the separation of government and religion.

1. How did geographic features influence the diffusion and settlement of both the Phoenician and Greek traders?

28. The changing climate affects society and ecosystems in a variety of ways. Give three twentieth-century examples of environmental change due to climate.

18. How did Mikhail Gorbachev's policies of Glasnost Perestroika affect the Soviet Union?

• Both had access to the Mediterranean Sea.
• The monsoon winds made ocean travel easier.
• The arid climate encouraged migration.
• Russia's rivers provided ease of travel.

Over the past five years, a highly sophisticated team of operatives have stealthily infiltrated more than 70 US corporations and organizations to steal priceless company secrets. They did it without ever setting foot in any victim's office...This is the new face of corporate espionage. Thieves whose identities are safely obscured by digital trade-craft rather than a ski mask, are robbing companies of the ideas that are the source of American ingenuity...Though this new corporate espionage is rampant and rising, calculating the damage to US interests remains difficult...In the aggregate, the theft of this property, including everything from sensitive defense technology to innovative industrial designs, insidiously erodes government and corporate competitive advantages among global peers...US companies invest considerable time and money in researching and developing new products, only to be undercut by competition, using their stolen property to make cheaper versions. Unfortunately, companies experience such losses everyday...Yet many cyber-intrusions could be prevented by implementing sound cyber-security practices.

-US Commerce Secretary John Bryson, The New Face of Corporate Espionage, March 8, 2012

Using the information, what role does cyberespionage play in global trading?

• Government monitoring agencies should commit military resources to protecting commercial interests so that the world's superpowers can continue to thrive.
• Individuals must assist companies in protecting their ideas so employment will not decrease.
• Cyber crimes are difficult to prove in any court of law, so government officials have not committed sufficient resources to the matter.
• Ideas fuel economic growth and competition, so there is an increased need to protect electronically stored information on a worldwide scale.

Both had access to the Mediterranean Sea.

• The power of the Soviet Union's Communist part was strengthened.
• Many Soviet citizens demanded more economic and political freedom.
• Soviet powers were centralized under a totalitarian dictator.
• The Soviet Union increased its influence in the nations of Easter Europe.

22.

28) No bailiff is henceforth to put any man on his open law or on oath simply by virtue of his spoken word, without reliable witnesses being produced for the same.

29) No freeman is to be taken or imprisoned or disseised (dispossessed) of his free tenement or of his liberties or free customs, or outlawed or exiled or in any way ruined, nor will we go against such a man or send against him save by lawful judgment of his peers or by the law of the land. We will sell to no man, we will not deny or defer to any man either Justice or Right.

Which right had King John of England most likely abused, according to these two clauses from the Magna Carta?

• right to privacy
• right to fair trial
• right to free speech
• right to petition

13. What was an environmental effect of the process of early industrialization?

• the introduction of smallpox to American Indians
• the diffusion of new animal and plant species to Afro-Eurasia
• the process of desertification in Africa and Asia
• the widespread deforestation in Europe and North America

7. All merchants, unless they have been previously and publicly forbidden, are to have safe and secure conduct in leaving and coming to England and in staying and going through England both by land and by water to buy and to sell, without any evil extractions, according to the ancient and right customs, save in time of war, and if they should be from a land at war against us and be found in our land at the beginning of the war, they are to be attached without damage to their bodies or goods until it is established by us or our chief justiciar in what way the merchants of our land are treated who at such a time are found in teh land that is at war with us, and if our merchants are safe there, the other merchants are to be safe in our land.

Magna Carta, 1297

Based on this passage from the Magna Carta, which basic rights were improved by the English barons?

• trading rights
• rights of the accused
• civil rights
• religious rights

6. In the Middle Ages, European monarchs claimed to rule by "divine right". What purpose was served by this claim?

• It enabled the separation of church and state.
• It enabled rulers to seize church lands.
• It demonstrated that religion was stronger than political power.
• It strengthened the monarch's authority to rule.

8. How did the printing press revolution contribute to increased global interaction?

• by making texts available to broader audiences, leading to the spread of new ideas
• by creating interchangeable parts that made repairing the printing press easier
• by mass producing the press to make it available to small towns
• by using

5. According to the map, how was the Silk Road associated with the development of cities?

• Increased trade along this route helped to establish cities within major empires.
• The development of many cities created a need for better roads.
• The Silk Road was built as an alternative to trade between large cities by the sea.
• European governments promoted free trade between major cities.

23. What was an important effect of the Black Death (bubonic plague pandemic) on the populations of Europe in late 1340s?

• decrease in public confidence in the Church
• decline in average worker wages
• elevated position of lesser nobles and local leaders
• increase in medical and pharmaceutical research

9. Effects of the Plague (Black Death)

• Europe lost a third of its population.
• Labor shortages brought higher wages for many workers.
• Peasants left their manors, weakening the feudal system.

Which conclusions about effects of the plague can be drawn from the listed information?

• Catastrophic events can trigger changes in human institutions.
• Tragic events strengthen religion as people seek answers in their faith.
• People seek the comfort of traditional, familiar ways following traumatic events.
• Societies flourish during many types of disasters and epidemics.

21. How was European society affected by the Crusades?

• Access to Asians luxury goods was severely limited by war.
• Invading Islamic armies destroyed farms and cities.
• Importation of Asian luxury goods created a greater interest in trade.
• Peasant rebellions diminished as the power of the Church grew.

20. Terrorism [takes] us back to ages we thought were long gone if we allow it a free hand to corrupt democratic societies and destroy the basic rules of international life. -Jacques Chirac

But for these problems [a terrorist's] only solution is the demolition of the whole structure of society. No partial solution, not even the total redressing of the grievance he complains of, will satisfy him - until our social system is destroyed or delivered into his hands. -Benjamin Netanyahu

According to the quotes, how have terrorist groups and their movements impacted society in various countries?

• Terrorists create panic by breaking basic rules of society and attempting to destroy the social systems of target countries.
• Terrorists create tensions by bringing adversaries together to resolve differences in democratic processes.
• Terrorists groups have influenced many governments to join their efforts and create their own terrorist networks.
• Terrorist groups have caused governments to eliminate corruption and to apply laws equally within societies.

12. How did new ideas and scientific advances of the Renaissance change the Catholic Church?

• New Renaissance universities, which emphasized scientific research, gave most citizens educational opportunities that challenged the religious institutions.
• Individualism and humanist ideas from the Renaissance challenged citizens to seek answers for themselves rather than from religious institutions.
• New merchant guilds formed by the middle class owed allegiance to the leaders to the Renaissance rather than the Catholic Church.
• Feudal noble landowners accepted the scientific advances of the Renaissance that were supported by the Catholic Church.

27. European nations such as Portugal, Spain, France and England led explorations to new lands in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. These voyages extended from the coast of Africa to the Americas and beyond. Explain how the voyages of exploration affected global interactions and new patterns of trade. Give two examples: one for impact on global interactions and another for new patterns of trade.

11. What was a significant result of European exploration through the Colombian Exchange?

• Europeans became dependent on crops from America.
• The bubonic plague spread throughout Europe.
• Europeans diseases caused millions of deaths among American Indians.
• Raw materials from America became very expensive due to scarcity.

14. Timeline of Japan from 1850-1910

• 1853 - Commodore Perry of the US ends Japanese isolation
• 1868 - Meiji Restoration
• 1870s - Japanese government develops manufacturing and railroad industries
• 1872 - Western dress enforced for government ceremonies
• 1905 - Japanese winds Russo-Japanese war
• 1910 - Japan annexes Korea

What conclusion about Japan is supported by the timeline above?

• Japan stopped farming rice.
• Japan industrialized and became imperialistic.
• Japan engaged in wars with western Europe.
• Japan became economically competitive with Britain.

4. How did Pericles influence the functioning of Athenian government?

• He introduced representative democracy.
• He expanded direct democracy to new classes of free men.
• He increased the salaries of government officials.
• He greatly strengthened the authority of military leaders in society.

3. Which geographic features determined the location the early civilizations of Egypt, Mesopotamia, China and India?

• oceans and coastlines
• rivers and valleys
• fertile soils and plains
• rainy seasons and forests

16. How did British taxes on salt contribute to the growth of Indian nationalism?

• The tax triggered violence against the Salt March, which inspired a wider civil disobedience movement in India.
• The resistance against the tax on salt required Indian national forces to stop the rebellion.
• The imposition of the tax demonstrated that India was not capable of self-government due to the lack of native leadership.

29. How did the 1973 Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) oil crisis affect international affairs? Give three examples.

19. Twentieth-Century International Developments

• Berlin Blockade (1948)
• Cuban Missile Crisis (1962)
• Brezhnev Doctrine (1968)

How did the developments above affect international politics?

• They inspired the creation of the UN.
• They intensified Cold War conflicts and tensions.
• They started cooperation between the US and the former USSR.
• They represented a global preference for democratic values, institutions, and governments.

24. How is laissez- faire economics more productive than an economy controlled by a government?

• Laissez-faire economics creates competition which leads to innovation, greater profits for investors, and lower product prices.
• Laissez-faire economics creates competition which results in improved working conditions, higher wages, and healthcare benefits.
• Laissez-faire economics creates a more nationalistic economiy in which local production is always preferred.
• Laissez-faire creates an economy which is regulated by government in order to create ideal working conditions.

15. International Violence Before WWII

• Japan invades Manchuria - 1931
• Italy invades Ethiopia - 1935
• Japan invades China - 1937
• Germany annexes Czechoslovakia - 1939
• Germany invades Poland - 1939

Using the information provided in the timeline above, which historical conclusion can be drawn about the cause of WWII?

• Military alliances created many obligation to engage in war.
• The Nazi Party dominated politics in many European nations.
• The UN was too weak to prevent the spread of totalitarianism.
• Some nations were aggressive and imperialistic in their efforts to expand.

10. Which is an effort of European exploration of the Americas?

• Germany extended its New World empire.
• Spain dominated North and South America.
• Africans were enslaved to work in mines and on plantations.
• American Indians maintained resistance to African and Eurasian diseases.

The Indian nationalist, Mahatma Gandhi, advocated the swadeshi movement as a pretest against British rule in India in the first half of the twentieth century. The movement stressed the manufacture of Indian goods at home, especially homespun cloth, as opposed to buying British manufactured goods.

Why did Indians decide to use this strategy?

• To make it less profitable for the British to exploit India through colonial trade
• to prevent the British from establishing a monopoly in the cotton industry
• to prepare for the British to abandon India as a colony
• to limit British control of India's domestic politics

30. Economic and social conditions of colonial rule led to many nationalistic movements. Explain how social and economic conditions in two countries led to nationalistic movements.

KEY

20. C

21. C

22. B

23. A

24. A

1. A

2. A

3. B

4. B

5. A

6. D

7. A

8. A

9. A

10. C

11. C

12. B

13. D

14. B

15. D

16. A

17. B

18. B

19. A

In the following excerpt, the Muslim scholar the traveler Ibn Battuta describes his journey to Taghadda, a city of West Africa's Songhai Empire:

I then set out in the direction of Taghadda by land with a large caravan of merchants . . . I had a riding camel and a she-camel to carry my provisions. We pushed on rapidly with our journey until we reached Taghadda . . . The inhabitants of Taghadda have no occupation except trade. They travel (by caravan) to Egypt every year, and import quantities of all the fine fabrics to be had there and of other Egyptian (products) . . . (the copper bars are) their medium of exchange; with the thin bars they buy meat and firewood, and with the thick, slaves male and female, millet, butter and wheat.

Excerpted from HAR Gibb, translater, Ibn Battuta: Travels in Asia and Africa, 1325-1354

What conclusion about trade in the Songhai Empire is supported by the excerpt?

• Trade caravans allowed the Songhai Empire to exchange their valuable metals for commodities and luxury items.
• Trade caravans prevented the Songhai traders from selling their goods to overseas customers.
• Songhai traders welcomed travelers to their cities in hopes of selling them fabrics and food items.
• Songhai traders traveled to Egypt to seek ores and other valuable minerals for building materials.

Trade caravans allowed the Songhai Empire to exchange their valuable metals for commodities and luxury items.

17. Which shared purpose explains the operations of the groups in the regions below?

Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) in Israel

Chechen rebels in Russia

Irish Republic Army (IRA) in the UK

• to create vast land empires across Eurasia
• to destroy capitalist and democratic systems
• to create independent nations under their authortiy
• to control petroleum exports to Western nations

The following excerpt is from the Edict of Fountainebleau (1685 CE), which was decreed by King Louis XIV of France:

We forbid our subjects of the PRP (Protestantism) to meet any more for the exercise of the said religion in any place or private house . . .We likewise forbid any noblemen . . . to hold such religious exercises in their houses or fiefs, under penalty . . . of imprisonment and confiscation. We enjoin all ministers of hte said RPR, who do not choose to become converts and to embrace the Catholic, apostolic, and Roman religion, to leave our kingdom and the territories ...within a fortnight.

Internet History Sourcebooks Project. www.fordham.edu/halsall

What political conditions in France led to the Edict of Fountainebleau?

• the parliament's desire to exclude religious minorities from lawmaking activities
• the king's absolute authority to make laws and dictate the state religion
• the increase in quarreling among political factions of the landowning aristocracy
• the Catholic Church's reputation for challenging political power in the Holy Roman Empire

the king's absolute authority to make laws and dictate the state religion

In the following excerpt, a Portuguese messenger addresses a local Hindu king of southern India in 1509. The messenger asks fro help in taking the Indian trading port of Calicut from Ottoman and Arab control:

The King of Portugal commands me to render honour and willing service to all the Gentile Kings of this land...they are to be well treated by me, neither am I to take their ships nor their merchandise; but I am to destroy the Moors, with whom I was incessant war, as I know he also does...I am prepared and ready to help him with the fleets and armies of the King...as often as he shall desire me to do so; and I likewise, for my part, expect that he will help us with his army, towns, harbours and munitions, and with everything that I may require from his kingdom; and the ships which navigate to his ports may pass safely throughout all the Indian Sea...

-Frei Luis

Which conclusion about the effects of increased trade is supported by the above excerpt?

• Overseas trade routes were too crowded and dangerous to produce profitable returns.
• Overseas trade routes encouraged cooperation between powerful empires against small kingdoms and city-states.
• Competition over Indian Ocean trade encouraged global empires to form military alliances with local rulers.
• Competition over Indian Ocean trade led to regional wars between European navies and Indian city-states.

Competition over Indian Ocean trade encouraged global empires to form military alliances with local rulers.

26. How did agricultural improvements transform daily life during the Neolithic revolution and early history? Give two examples.

In spite of the industrial and commercial prosperity that France momentarily enjoys, the mass of the people, the twenty-five million peasants, suffer from a great depression. The good harvests of the past few years have forced prices of corn much lower even than in England, and the position of the peasants under such circumstances, in debt, sucked dry by usury and crushed by taxes, must be anything but splendid. The history of the past three years has, however, provided sufficient proof that this class of the population is absolutely incapable of any revolutionary initiative...

Given this general, wherein the productive forces of bourgeois (middle class) society are developing as luxuriantly as it is possible for them to do within bourgeois relationships, a real revolution is out of the question. Such a revolution is possible only in periods when both of these factors - the modern forces of production and the bourgeois forms of production - come into opposition with each other.

-Karl Marx, 1850

Which statement best reflects Karl Marx's argument, according to this excerpt?

• The lower classes are prepared and motivated to revolt.
• A nation can be poor and suffer economic depression.
• Until the middle class is effected, reform is not likely.
• High taxes lead to protests and civil unrest, then revolutions.

Until the middle class is affected, reform is not likely.

The following excerpt is an Englishman's firsthand account of the weeks leading up to England's Glorious Revolution (1688); in the Revolution, the Protestant ruler William of Orange overthrew King James II, a Catholic.

...(King James II) called over 5,000 Irish, and 4,000 Scots, and continued to remove Protestants and put in (Catholics) at Portsmouth and other places of trust, and retained the Jesuits about him, increasing the universal discontent. It brought people to so desperate a pass, that they seemed passionately to long for an desire the landing of (William of Orange), whom they looked on to be their deliverer from (Catholic) tyranny...

-John Evelyn, diary entry, October 7, 1688

Using the above excerpt, what conclusion can be made about the Glorious Revolution?

• The revolution was furthered by English Protestants due to their distrust of Catholic leaders.
• The revolution was furthered by the English people due to the widespread stories of William of Orange's heroism
• The revolution was slowed by the English people due to their distrust of foreigners.
• The resolution was slowed by the English Protestants due tot heir widespread admiration for King James's religious tolerance.

25. Ancient and classical civilizations as a result of internal weaknesses and external invasions, but they left lasting legacies for future generations. Provide two legacies of the Classical Greek Civilization and explain their importance to future civilizations.

(The rich) are led by an invisible hand to make nearly the same distribution of necessaries of life, which would have been made, had the earth been divided into equal portions among all its inhabitants, and thus without intending it, without knowing it, advance the interest of the society, and afford means to the multiplication of the species.

-Adam Smith, The Theory of Moral Sentiments, 1759

How does Smith's idea of the "invisible hand" of capitalism compare to modern-day government interventions such as the US-led Marshall Plan or the social-democratic governments of Western Europe?

• Modern governments have modified capitalism to support their goals.
• Modern governments have abandoned capitalism in favor of command economies.
• Modern governments have adopted capitalism without modification.
• Modern governments have abandoned capitalism in favor of traditional economies.

From 1803-1815, Britain and France were at war with each other. Wars can bring economic opportunities, and American merchants hoped to sell goods to both sides. Neither Britain or France wanted American goods to reach its enemy, so both sides imposed blockades and restrictions on neutral trade. Because Britain had the larger navy, British restrictions were the most crippling to US shipping. British ships stopped American vessels, boarded them, seized contraband, and impressed sailors. American objectives were ignored, leading to a US declaration of war in 1812.

What conclusion can be drawn about the War of 1812?

• France ended their alliance with the United States because of the delay in their assistance.
• To defeat France, Britain was willing to risk war with the United States.
• British authorities felt threatened by the new US Navy.
• American citizens were indifferent toward the war.

Modern governments have modified capitalism to support other goals.

To defeat France, Britain was willing to risk war with the United States.

We, Wilhelm, by the grace of God King of Prussia, do herewith declare that we have considered it a duty to our common fatherland to answer the summons of the united German princes and cities and to accept the german imperial title. In consequence, we and our successors on the throne of Prussia will henceforth bear the imperial title in all our relations and in all the business of the German Empire, and we hope to God that the German nation will be granted the ability to fashion a propitious future for the fatherland under the symbol of its ancient glory.

-Kaiser Wilhelm I, The Imperial Proclamation, January 1871

What ideology is present in the proclamation of Wilhelm 1?

• socialism
• militarism
• nationalism
• globalism

nationalism

World History Released Test

http://www.dpi.state.nc.us/docs/accountability/common-exams/released-forms/highschool/social-studies/world-history/common-exam.pdf