Chapter 21 Section 2:
The Rise of Cities
Hospital Care
- 1849 anesthesia used in surgery
- Many died in dirty hospitals
- Rich were treated at home
The Working Class Advances
Medical Advances
City Life Changes
Florence Nightingale and Joseph Lister
- 1800-1900 population doubles
- Death rate falls
- Rabies and anthrax vaccines
- Germ theory
- Pasteurization kill diseases in milk
- Robert Koch found bacteria causes TB
- 1914 yellow fever and malaria in mosquitoes
- Nutrition better: farming, food storage, distribution
- Mutual-aid societies helped sick & injured workers
- Strike by not working
- Violence involved
- Demand better pay and hours
- 1909 British miners only work 8 hrs
- Create disability insurance
- Germany, Britain, France, & Austria legalized unions
- Law passed no child labor, no women in mines
- Streets became spacious squares and boulevards
- rebuilt poor areas (urban renewal)
- rich in suburbs, poor in city
- Used trolleys
- Gas lamps, paved streets, electric light
- sewage system
- High rate of crime & alcoholism
- music halls, opera houses, museums, theaters
Florence Nightingale: A nurse who encouraged better hygiene and founded the first nursing school. Joseph Lister: the first to sterilize surgery tools with anesthesia.
Labor Union
Louis Sullivan
Sports
Pioneered a new structure: The Skyscraper
Sports included tennis and bare-knuckle boxing.
Slums
- Poor lived in slums
- Homes were small and cramped
- High rates crime & alcoholism
- Unemployment and illness ruined families
Standard of Living
- quality and availability of necessities and comforts
- Families ate varied diets
- Lived in better homes
- Dressed in inexpensive clothes
- Improved health
- Some workers moved to suburbs, travel on subways & trolleys.