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The History of
Khubilai Khan
Sir Aurel Stein
Alexander conquered vast territories of western and central Asia by 323 BCE. As a result of his conquests, Greek ideas influenced much of central Asian culture. After his death, Alexander's empire disintegrated.
grapevine
metalworking
art
architecture
Third Golden Era
Second Golden Era
First Golden Era
ca. 1279 CE
ca. 1920 CE
Future?
ca. 1290 CE
ca. 629 CE
ca. 120 BCE
ca. 1271 CE
1700 CE
700 CE
200 CE
1200 CE
2013
323 BCE
Zhang Qian
Rabban bar Sauma
-He became a Monk at age 23
-Nestorian Christianity
-Thought that Jesus was two people, a man and a divine son of God
-It is now Islam
-Third great era of the Silk Road
-He did not make it all the way there because of local fighting
-Gained fame because of becoming a teacher and decided to make a pilgramage to Jerusalem
-He was one of the first people from East Asia to reach Western Europe
Reference:
Xuan Zang
• Born in 602 CE
• 15 years studying Buddhist philosophy and mastering Buddhist doctrines and principles
• Buddhist teachings, the different translations confused him
• He decided to travel to India to study the original versions of the Buddhist teachings and to talk with other Buddhist Monks
• He thought that this was the only way to clarify the errors
• Autumn of 629 CE, Xuan Zang began his pilgrimage from China to India
• Xuan Zang journeyed across hot deserts
• Encountered oasis towns
• Then he faced steep, icy mountain ranges of Hindu Kush where people died of illnesses brought by harsh weather conditions
• Xuan Zang reached India, he spent over 10 years studying the original teachings of Buddha
• He visited Buddhist temples, gathered hundreds of Buddhist records and writing to carry back to China and then translated Original Buddhist teachings into Chinese
• Xuan Zang wished to carry the original teachings of Buddha back to China to teach and enlighten the Buddhist followers
• Began back to China in 643 CE
• Xuan Zang brought many new schools of Buddhist thought to China and contributed to religion’s maturity in the country
• His travels are in “Journey To The West”, a Chinese novel
Marco Polo