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AIM: How did the English come to DOMINATE the SEAS & COLONIZE the Americas?
Colony comes from the Latin colonia, meaning "settled land, farm."
The English benefited from their mercantile relationship with the colonies because it bought raw materials from the colonies cheaply and sold them as expensive finished products.
“The stench of the hold. . . was so intolerably loathsome, that it was dangerous to remain there for any time. . . The closeness of the place, and the heat of the climate. . . almost suffocated us. . . The shrieks of the women, and the groans of the dying, rendered the whole scene of horror almost inconceivable.”
—Olaudah Equiano, The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, 1789
The people who founded the US first came to America to live as part of a British colony.
Project Due Date:
January 4th
Today you're a tour guide in a museum. Your group today are a bunch of 5th graders.
Your job today is to tell the story of the Armada Portrait of Elizabeth I. How does it relate to English colonization? Think Cause & Effect.
Help From the Native Americans
AIM: What were the New Settlements of New England?
In 1629 a group of Puritans formed the Massachusetts Bay Company. They Chose John Winthrop to be the colony's governor after receiving a royal charter to start a colony north of Plymouth.
Two Native Americans, Squanto & Samoset showed the colonists how to farm, hunt & fish. They also helped make peace with the local tribe. Without their help they would not have survived.
Cause
Effect
New Settlements
Connecticut & Rhode Island
AIM: What were the New Settlements of New England?
Home of the Dissenters
To escape religious persecution in England, thousands of Puritans migrated to North America and set up new colonies.
Thomas Hooker disagreed with Winthrop and led his congregation to Connecticut. His town and two others adopted a plan of government called the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut. This was the 1st written constitution in America.
The Mayflower Compact
Henry VIII broke away from the Catholic Church in 1534 and started the Anglican Church also known as the Church of England. Many DISSENTED with the beliefs or practices of the Anglicans.
The compact:
Aim:Where did the French & Spanish expand their lands in North America?
Virginia
Middle Colonies
The Middle Colonies
The Southern Colonies
What was unique about the Middle Colony of Pennsylvania?
AIM: How did New York get its name?
AIM: What was the original plan for Maryland?
The Protestants that wanted to reform the Church of England were called PURITANS. Many of the PILGRIMS were members of a Puritan sect known as the SEPARATISTS, who wanted to form a separate church.
What was the circumstances that led to the
MAYFLOWER COMPACT?
Spain wanted to keep the other European powers from threatening its empire in America. To protect their claims, the Spanish sent soldiers, missionaries, and settlers north into present-day New Mexico. Later they sent them to Arizona and Texas. Spanish priests will also build a string of MISSIONS along the Pacific coast.
In 1681, William Penn, a wealthy English Quaker, received land as payment for a debt that King Charles II owed to Penn's father.
Maryland
The first crop of tobacco was sold in 1612. Tobacco quickly became Virginia's leading agricultural export.
The Dutch colony of the New Netherland was located in what is now NY. The Dutch West India Company encouraged more Dutch to come and trade using the Patroon System that promised large estates to anyone who could bring 50 settlers.
With Catholics being persecuted in England, Sir George Calvert, Lord Baltimore, felt Maryland would be a perfect location for members of his religion to feel safe
Aim: What was the Triangular Trade?
The Southern Colonies
AIM: How did New York get its name?
Aim: How did the Carolinas develop into major Southern Colonies?
AIM: What was the original plan for Maryland?
What was unique about the Middle Colony of Pennsylvania?
The TRIANGULAR TRADING SYSTEM is the transatlantic slave trade, that operated from the late 16th to early 19th centuries, carrying slaves, cash crops, and manufactured goods between West Africa, Caribbean or American colonies and the European colonial powers, with the northern colonies of British North America, especially New England.
The Dutch's main settlement was New Amsterdam & Peter Stuyvesant was their governor. Trade was thriving at this location due to its excellent harbor.
In 1663 King Charles II created a proprietary colony south of Virginia called Carolina - Latin for "Charles' land"
The tract of land stretched inland from the Delaware River.The new colony was named Pennsylvania. Penn founded a proprietary colony that provided a place of religious freedom for Quakers.
King Charles I gave Calvert a proprietary colony north of Virginia. Calvert died before receiving the colony. His son inherited the colony and named it Maryland.
Aim: How did the Carolinas develop into major Southern Colonies?
AIM: How did New York get its name?
AIM: What was the original plan for Maryland?
What was unique about the Middle Colony of Pennsylvania?
Aim: What was the Triangular Trade?
The English sent a fleet to attack New Amsterdam to acquire the valuable Dutch colony. The governor was unprepared for battle and surrendered to the English.
A CONSTITUTION, or a plan of government, was written for the colony. But Carolina did not develop as planned. It split into northern & southern Carolina, creating two colonies.
Penn saw the colony as a "holy experiment".
The Quakers, or Society of Friends believed everyone was equal. They did not have clergy to guide them.
The blue, white and orange refer to the colors of the historical Dutch flag. Orange is the color the Dutch adopted after their leader William I, Prince of Orange. We can't escape history!
Calvert's son gave large estates to English Aristocrats. As the number of plantations grew and more and more workers were needed the colony imported INDENTURED SERVANTS & African Slaves.
The use of African slaves was fundamental to growing colonial cash crops, which were exported to Europe. European goods, in turn, were used to purchase African slaves, who were then brought on the sea lane west from Africa to the Americas, the so-called Middle Passage.
The Mayflower Compact
Mercantilism
Aim: How did the Carolinas develop into major Southern Colonies?
AIM: How did New York get its name?
AIM: What was the original plan for Maryland?
Connecticut & Rhode Island
North Carolina
What was unique about the Middle Colony of Pennsylvania?
South Carolina
Quakers were pacifists or people who refuse to use force or to fight in wars. They were considered a threat in England and were persecuted. Why do you suppose this to be true?
In 1692 the Protestant-controlled assembly made the Anglican Church the official church in Maryland.
Catholics now faced the same restrictions they had in England
King Charles II gave the colony to his brother, the Duke of York, who renamed it New York.
New York was a PROPRIETARY colony, which the proprietor, owned all the land and controlled the government.
1649
Aim: What was the Middle Passage?
The Middle Passage refers to the part of the triangular trade where Africans, densely packed onto ships, were transported across the Atlantic to the West Indies.
AIM: What were the New Settlements of New England?
Since many Native American Indians died from European diseases and mistreatment there was a scarcity of native Indian labor in the New World during the colonial period. For this reason a large numbers of African slaves were taken from West Africa and brought to the New World.
Carolina settlers wanted political power and seized control from its proprietors.
1729 Carolina became 2 royal colonies
The Southern Colonies
AIM: What was the original plan for Maryland?
Aim: What was the strategic importance of Georgia to England?
The Middle Colonies
Home of the Dissenters
Aim: Why was New Jersey not as successful as New York?
For Years the Calvert & the Penn families argued over the boundary between them. Eventually they hired two surveyors to map the boundary. What do you think were their names?
Georgia, founded in 1733, was the last British colony setup in America.
James Oglethorpe received a charter for a colony where he hoped debtors & poor people could make a fresh start.
What happens in Britain if you were not able to repay debts?
The Duke of York gave the southern part of his colony, between the Hudson & Delaware Rivers, to Lord Berkeley & Sir Carteret, the proprietors named their colony New Jersey after the Island where Carteret lived - Jersey island.
What was unique about the Middle Colony of Pennsylvania?
Aim: Why was New Jersey not as successful as New York?
Aim: What was the strategic importance of Georgia to England?
The Southern Colonies
Aim: What happened in Virginia since Jamestown?
The British had hoped that Georgia, located north of Spanish Florida, would protect the other colonies from Britain's enemy, Spain.
Like NY, NJ was a place of ethnic & religious diversity but unlike NY, NJ did not have a natural harbor. As a result, the proprietors made little profits and sold their Shares in the colony.
Another minister, Roger Williams was forced out of Massachusetts. He felt that people should not be persecuted for their religious practices and that government should not force people to worship in a certain way. He founded Rhode Island.
While other colonies were being founded Virginia continued to grow. Settlers began to move further west and settled Native American lands. This caused tension between the settlers & the Native Americans.
Aim: What was the Middle Passage?
What about Delaware?
Swedes had settled southern Pennsylvania before the Dutch and the English took over the area.
The Charter of Privileges allowed these lower counties to form their own legislature.
The counties then functioned or operated, as a separate colony known as Delaware under Pennsylvania's governor.
Aim:Where did the French & Spanish expand their lands in North America?
Aim: What happened in Virginia since Jamestown?
Spanish & French also colonized North America along with the British.
A farmer in western Virginia opposed the colonial government because he said it was controlled by easterners. He wanted to settle Indian territory & refused to listen to the governor who forbid settling any new Indian lands. Who was this man?
Aim: What was the Middle Passage?
Aim:Where did the French & Spanish expand their lands in North America?
Aim: What happened in Virginia since Jamestown?
Nathaniel Bacon led attacks on Indian villages and marched to Jamestown and drove the governor into exile.
The French were interested in fishing and trapping animals for their fur. Explorations will explore the Mississippi River. One was led by Louis Joliet and Jacques Marquette, The region Louisiana was named after the King of France.
It must be understood that the enslaved Africans were:
Bacon's Rebellion
Armada Portrait of Elizabeth I of England
New England Colonies
Religious Freedom
1587-1770
The next wave of colonists arrived in search of religious freedom.
AIM:
HEADRIGHT
Native American relations improved when John Rolfe married POCAHONTAS the daughter of Chief Powhatan
The Virginia Company was a JOINT-STOCK COMPANY.
Investors buy stock, or part ownership, in the company in return for a share of future profits.
Jamestown Survives
House of BURGESSES
Facing hardships of disease & hunger
Jamestown survives
its first 2 years as a
result of the leadership of
Capt. John Smith
Why?
A COLONY is a group of people who settle in a new place but keep ties to their homeland.
AIM: What was the Starving Time?
Starving Time at Jamestown in the Colony of Virginia was a period of starvation during the winter of 1609–1610. There were about 500 Jamestown residents at the beginning of the winter. However, there were only 60 people still alive when the spring arrived.
The Lost Colony of Roanoke
Jamestown Settlement
The 1st PERMANENT English Settlement in North America was at Jamestown
England in America
In 1584 the Queen gave Sir Walter Raleigh the right to claim land in North America. The 1st settlement was Roanoke Island, NC.
What happened to
that settlement?
Virginia Company of London & other merchants
sought CHARTERS or documents granting the
right to organize settlements.
After defeating the Spanish Armada, England became more interested in establishing colonies in North America
Sir Francis Drake
Pirate/Knave?
Knight/Noble?