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Transcript

The Problem

  • Apparent food shortage
  • Growing population
  • Distribution problems
  • Crop failure
  • Food spoilage

GMOS

Regulations

"An organism, such as a plant, animal or bacterium, is considered genetically modified if its genetic material has been altered through any method, including conventional breeding."

  • Handled differently from country to country
  • Some international agreements
  • Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety to the Convention on Biological Diversity

Concerns and Regulations on Releasing Transgenic Bacteria into the Environment

A Solution

  • Improve yields
  • Cost effective
  • Eco-friendly

Process of Approval

1. Pre-submission consultation

2. Pre-market notification

3. Scientific assessment

4. Requests for additional information

5. Summary report of findings

6. Preparation of food rulings

7. Letter of no objection

Difficult to Eliminate

Transgenic Bacteria

  • Short term removal
  • Long term effects difficult to predict
  • Long term removal

Potential Problems

Results of DNA modification may not be limited only to the particular characteristics of the replaced gene, and it is difficult to predict how a single gene can impact the entire genome of the host and on a larger scale the ecosystem in which it is introduced into.

Ethics

  • Threats to integrity and intrinsic value of organism involved
  • Threats to the natural order and integrity of species
  • Threats to integrity of ecosystems in which organism is involved

Invasive

  • Proliferate extensively
  • Spread to new habitats
  • Out compete native organisms
  • Disrupt selection pressures

Genetic Contamination

Horizontal gene transfer:

1. transformation

2. transduction

3. conjugation

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