Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorder (COPD)

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by KELLY DUONG5 views·Updated Jun 9, 2021
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  1. Hello guys.
  2. My name is kelly and my presentation is on chronic
  3. obstructive pulmonary disease.
  4. So what is the L.
  5. A. P.
  6. D. It is defined as I common preventable and treatable
  7. disease characterized by persistent respiratory symptoms and every limitation that
  8. is due to airway and are available abnormalities usually caused
  9. by significant exposure to nauseous particles or gases.
  10. It is composed of two major diseases which is emphysema
  11. and chronic bronchitis emphysema, which are sometime called pink buffers
  12. due to their flesh face.
  13. It's a condition characterized by abnormal permanent enlargement of the
  14. airspaces, distal to the terminal bronchial walls and is accompanied
  15. by destruction of their walls without fibrosis, chronic bronchitis, which
  16. are sometimes called blue voters because of their bluish color,
  17. skin and lips.
  18. This condition in which chronic productive cough is present for
  19. at least three months per year for at least two
  20. consecutive years.
  21. So in the U.
  22. S. C.
  23. O. P.
  24. D. Is currently the third leading cause of death.
  25. The World Health Organization predicts that COPD will become the
  26. fifth most prevalent disease in the world and the dirt
  27. leading cause a worldwide mortality by 2030.
  28. It is estimated that between 10 to 15 million people
  29. in the United States either have chronic bronchitis emphysema or
  30. a combination of both common causes.
  31. The common causes of COPD are cigarette smoking, which has
  32. an impact on their mortality and morbidity that far outweighed
  33. all other factors combined ALPHA one anti trips and efficiency,
  34. outdoor air pollution, longstanding asthma, biomass and occupational exposure.
  35. So what is a A.
  36. T deficiency?
  37. It is sometimes called genetic emphysema, a condition that features
  38. a reduced amount of protein 80 which may result in
  39. early onset of emphysema and it is inherited.
  40. So what is a 18?
  41. It is a protein that defends the lung, especially the
  42. lung elastin against tissue destruction by neutrophils Celestis under normal
  43. circumstances of an adequate amount of 80 neutrophils Alustiza is
  44. counteracted so that it does not digest the lungs elastin.
  45. Okay, So mechanism of careful limitation is affected by inflammation
  46. and obstruction of small airways which occurs and airways to
  47. are less than two in diameter, loss of electricity, which
  48. results in destruction of a baler walls and active broncho
  49. spasm sign and symptoms.
  50. The most common symptoms include productive cough, wheezing or diminished
  51. breath sounds shortness of breath particularly on exertion and progressive.
  52. This mia Late science includes barrel chest with flattened diaphragm.
  53. Man's accessory muscle usage.
  54. Adama farm from carpal Manel changes in mental status due
  55. to decrease in 02 or increase in CO.
  56. Two. So this is an X ray of a COPD
  57. patient. You can see hyperinflation and no heart and a
  58. flat end dia from assessment.
  59. So the Global Initiative for chronic obstructive lung disease, also
  60. known as Gold, recommend combining these three assessments.
  61. The symptom assessment uses questionnaires, which includes the modified british
  62. Medical Research council breathlessness scale, or the COPD assessment test
  63. known as cat airflow limitations assessments are done by its
  64. mama treats has and the risk of assassination assessment.
  65. The three maize spectrometry tests for COPD or forced vital
  66. capacity, forced exploratory volume in one second and F E.
  67. B one per fbc ratio and COPD patients.
  68. The ratio is initially less than 70%.
  69. Okay. Um so once a person is diagnosed with COPD,
  70. the next step is to determine the security for stage
  71. one Um stays one or for the patients with f.
  72. e. v.
  73. one per fbc ratio less than 70% and a F
  74. E V.
  75. One greater than 80% predicted.
  76. Stage two or for patients with ratio less than 70%
  77. and F E.
  78. V. One of 50 to 79% predicted.
  79. Stage three or for patients with a racial less than
  80. 70% and F.
  81. E. V.
  82. One of 30 to 49% predicting Stage four or for
  83. patients with a ratio of less than 70 and F.
  84. E. V.
  85. One less than 30% or F.
  86. E. V.
  87. One less than 50% predicted plus chronic respiratory failure.
  88. Yeah assad observation assessment.
  89. According to Gold, a COPD exacerbation is defined as acute
  90. worsening respiratory symptoms.
  91. The results in additional therapy and this observation events is
  92. classified as either mild, moderate or severe Milosz observation is
  93. treated with only short acting bronchodilators.
  94. Moderate assassination is treated with short acting bronchodilators plus antibiotic
  95. and or oral critical steroids.
  96. Severe assassination requires an emergency department visit hospitalization or ICU
  97. admission. And usually the COPD patients are associated with acute
  98. ventilatory failure, mature black cast and patients with mild to
  99. moderate stages.
  100. Their A.
  101. B. G.
  102. Will be acute tubular hyperventilation will help toxemia and in
  103. severe stages they will have a chronic ventilatory failure with
  104. hypoglycemia. Oxygen therapy.
  105. Hi toxemia is always present in severe COPD due to
  106. severe VQ.
  107. Mismatches. Oxygen should never be withheld in hypoxia mix.
  108. OPD patients as tissue oxygenation is overriding priority increasing if
  109. I. 02 and COPD patients with chronic hypercar apnea may
  110. worsen V.
  111. Q. Mismatch because hypoxic pulmonary vessel constriction is reversed too
  112. poorly ventilated.
  113. The lie in other words, increasing the F.
  114. I. 02 causes more blood flow to be directed to
  115. poorly ventilated of Eli, which takes blood flow away from
  116. well ventilated of Eli.
  117. Right so that is it.
  118. Thank you for listening.