Summer Stem Presentation

CJ
by Chris Jaison3 views·Updated Sep 24, 2021
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  1. Hi my name is Chris and today I'm gonna be
  2. doing a presentation on a promising new technology called gene
  3. drives. That's the unmistakable buzzing of his former mosquitoes.
  4. Mosquitoes are examples of vectors that transmit airborne diseases like
  5. malaria, malaria, West Nile disease and others causing immense hardship
  6. for humans by infecting 700 million people and killing one
  7. million people every year.
  8. There are other vectors like ticks and mites that also
  9. spread diseases.
  10. Traditional approaches to kill these vectors like mosquitoes include spraying
  11. insecticides or pesticides, but these methods kill other useful insects
  12. as well as harm other humans and animals.
  13. Mosquitoes can also grow resistant to insecticides, making them very
  14. ineffective. However, I learned about a novell nontoxic approach that
  15. can be used to reduce or eliminate the insects that
  16. spread diseases.
  17. I attended a webinar on medical Entomology by Rutgers University
  18. Professor Dr Chloe Hawkings.
  19. We talked about using a new approach called gene drives
  20. to eliminate disease carrying insects without the use of harmful
  21. insecticides. Gene drive is an artificial genetic modification that is
  22. designed to spread through a population at a higher than
  23. normal rate of inheritance.
  24. Scientists used gene editing tools like CRISPR, change your silence
  25. a specific gene or insert a new one in the
  26. kremlin zone of the organism.
  27. In addition to the altar to leo a Guide RNA
  28. CAS nine enzyme is also added when the organism with
  29. the altered elio mates with one with the unaltered jean.
  30. The guide RNA from the altered organism binds to the
  31. DNA of the unaltered organism and the CAs nine enzyme
  32. cuts it.
  33. The DNA repair process copies to alter gene, the guide
  34. RNA and casslyn onto the cut crime zone.
  35. This way the altar genius spread through all of the
  36. offspring rather than just 50% of the offspring according to
  37. Mandela inheritance, which is shown to the left of the
  38. image in mosquitoes.
  39. The gene drive can include altered genes to prevent the
  40. female mosquitoes from biting and laying eggs, jeans can be
  41. altered to make mosquitoes express an antibody that kills a
  42. parasitic bacteria, jeans can also be altered touch that it
  43. triggers a toxin that kills a mosquito.
  44. When any virus infects it does, creating a self destruct
  45. button. The advantages of gene drives and reducing vector borne
  46. diseases is that it can target a specific species.
  47. It can reverse insecticide resistance in the species is non
  48. toxic and can reach remote and inaccessible locations.
  49. It can also be self sustaining such that it requires
  50. low numbers in the initial release, which then multiplies over
  51. time. It can also be used for conserving delicate ecosystems.
  52. As with all new technologies, there are disadvantages.
  53. The altered genes can mutate into natural selection, making the
  54. engineer jean ineffective.
  55. This can be overcome by selecting genes that are highly
  56. conserved, meaning any changes can kill their owners.
  57. So choosing the right gene as a target of gene
  58. editing is important.
  59. Another concern is the uncontrolled spread of the gene duty
  60. misuse. This can be overcome by building a gene drive
  61. reversal system.
  62. An example of this would be releasing a million male
  63. mosquitoes that express a protein that inhibits the super Mandela
  64. inheritance in a mosquito population.
  65. Gene drive is a promising technology that will one day
  66. be used to permanently Yeah.
  67. Swat disease carrying pests.
  68. The technology can be extended to reduce invasive species that
  69. affect the college of our world.
  70. However, it is still important to remember the disadvantages that
  71. come with the system.
  72. Thank you.