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Hello. Good morning. To all, dear House officers,

I am from the public health. Actually,

my name is

an idea,

and today I will be speaking about little stick and sharp injuries.

This is more of an awareness talk,

Hopefully can instil some

basic awareness and knowledge,

uh,

regarding shop injuries in the workplace.

Okay, so we shall start.

So let us take a sharp injuries, a little bit of literature,

uh, risks it imposed to us as healthcare workers from and as I use the injuries,

uh, as you can see here, B hepatitis B ranges from 6 to 30%.

Hepatitis C 027%

and h i V 0.3% or about one in 300.

Um, all these, uh, estimate, especially from, uh, literature from 1999

and we still follow it up until this day.

So if you talk about EMC, there's a difference in

two different kinds of exposures.

One is a particularly heinous injury where the contact is with

memory.

Okay or not impact skin.

And also, um, sorry.

Tennis injury, uh, and mucous membrane injury.

Okay. So mucous membrane injury would be

to non impact skin with blood to

show other body fluids that are potentially infectious

right

now. The total number of

cases within his guitar

just to give a brief overview and comparison from the year 2000 and 19,

81 to 74

2 52 in 2021 So you can see a slight reduction there.

Uh, but the trend for the beginning of 2022 is an

reflecting a similar decline. In fact, it is going up.

Okay,

All right.

So you don't stick and sharp injuries among us healthcare workers in 2021.

The number of cases you can see here according to the most commonly occurring unit.

Okay, so medical, definitely.

But it is also because there are distribution that

population size is large and they do the most,

um, with the highest one of the highest patient load,

needle stick and sharp injuries among healthcare because the same slide.

But I want to show you that there's

a difference between needles thickened and sharp.

Injuries we don't stick is when the injury or curse in relation to a needle.

All right, sharp includes those of blade.

So on a bowl.

So the number of

injuries for last year

amounts to only three as compared to a little stick injury,

which consists of the remaining majority.

Now we need to stick injury and short injuries among healthcare workers.

I will show you this distribution among designation among

done.

So

yes. Um,

it was the most common in medical offices, but there is a reason for this in 2021.

So one of the biggest contributing factors is that because of the vocal with peak,

uh, many health

health officers were not allowed to deal directly

with patients was restricted in many areas.

So the medical officers were the ones who were

most commonly in contact taking bloods and so on,

so forth.

Hence the incidence rate is also higher among them

for last year.

Okay, uh,

there has not been many studies done in razor regarding needle stick injuries, but

one of it is this one. The data collected from 2000 and 16

among raising health care workers.

So out of a 1234 cases reported 2016,

there's an overall incidents of six injuries per 1000 healthcare workers.

Why is this important?

Because

it reflects almost exactly the number of injuries that

we have a huge star.

So six per 1000.

All right, so in conclusion, you can see that, um, and safe practises remain.

What is of concern?

Alright, our national statistics may still be lower compared to other countries,

but because of our unsafe practises, we still we cannot achieve that zero target.

Okay, Another Another summary for the root cause analysis in his star.

Uh, you can see

so out of all the cases reported for 2021 what is the largest,

biggest cause of the injury itself?

It will be attributable to the work ethics

similar to the conclusion that I mentioned unsafe practises.

It is also reflected in reality.

So what? Ethics stands as the biggest cost for needle stick and sharp injuries.

Okay, so, um all right.

So as we as house members, of course, um, some some may be ending soon,

so I may just have started.

There are those things,

but there's a long journey, a hit, even in horsemanship, even after when you go into

our medical officer

rules.

So you need to know this because you will be constantly exposed to the risks.

What are the immediate actions that you

take after exposure is definitely first aid.

So, as I mentioned in my earlier slide, uh, cutaneous injuries, you, um,

you immediately wash

thoroughly with soap and water. You don't have to scrub it hard.

You may just add to the wound

and the injury,

and it should be disinfected and dressed as necessary.

So a mucosal exposure, Maybe it could become or, um

elsewhere.

Uh, just one wash immediately with water only.

Okay.

And then you proceed to reporting to

the location supervisor for documentation purposes,

uh, locations, provider, maybe,

or

team leader for the night Or ward sister

okay. Or even a medical officer or a specialist in charge.

So then they will do the proper referral,

uh, to either us or the medical colour

for risk assessment and treatment.

And then we will follow up. UK comes in to follow up in terms of the

aspect of it,

and then your report will be generated and follow that accordingly.

Okay, so, um, I know that not many thought has been given to this topic.

It is rather boring and down. Very mundane thing.

Um,

but the impact and implications can be long term and

in proportions that you may not have imagined otherwise.

So this really depends on situations where you're working at.

Sometimes it could impede your work and

resulting in time lost from work.

And then, if you are exposed to a high risk case, the patient is high risk.

Maybe are really positive, maybe hepatitis positive,

reactive. So there can be ensuing emotional distress, and this is real.

They can be emotional distress because it could affect your work and your personal,

uh, journey

for the next several months.

Of course, there's liability and compensation. Compensation comes later on. If

unfortunately, there is a Sarah conversion case.

Yeah,

uh, staff levels and more Else we could affect the people around you.

If you are affected, your exempted from work, you have to take treatment.

Then you affect your other team members,

right?

So how do you actually reduce needles to injuries?

Um, several things here mentioned, uh, would require

enough funding. But that is also one problem that we are facing

not only in history, I believe

so. We're using needle stick injuries.

It means we need to have a proper device availability,

availability of safety devices,

um, and also technique

and education. So all these requires time and effort and money.

Okay, Um, in terms of surveillance cities in the form of audits.

So sometimes we do go to the ward or high risk areas to have a look around

do surveillance audits,

policy and procedure and behaviour modification.

So this behaviour modification will be the most challenging of all, uh, many times.

It is only after the injury or the incident has occurred.

All right,

but do bear in mind that, uh, needles to injuries is

it's happening is real. It is very common.

Okay. Especially when you are,

You are at higher risk. You are tired. You are overworked. You're stressed.

There's not enough people around you in sufficient, uh, supplies.

Okay, But we are trying slowly to eliminate all that.

Just remember that the most important thing would be your safety

in your line of work at the end of the day.

Mm.

So different stages,

opportunities where sharp injuries or needle stick injuries occurred.

It will be pre use okay prior to use. Maybe you are preparing your instruments.

That's when you get injured.

That would be

probably,

uh, the safest.

Um, of course you want to avoid it,

but safely in terms of having not used it before to any patients.

All right, so during use,

um, directly after youth during disposal

during disposal this one is there a lot of funny

wrong at this Come into play

where direct disposal is not practised or the use of kidney dish

has been misused.

And after disposal,

where mostly it occurs to Medicare.

So this thing I want to point out is rather unfair

for them where they go to pick up our trash,

pick up the chemical waste, but because of our own carelessness, they get injured.

Okay, because we wrongly disposed of the shops probably into a chemical waste

or a regular respect

black colour.

So all shots must be properly disposed

into the shop.

Okay, Um, too many.

The next few slides I will show will probably bring back some memories.

This was played during the orientation,

but I really want to remind everyone wants more

um,

certain things that certain work ethics that

should be incorporated into our culture.

So please remember this, and it is all for your own safety.

All right. This is to eliminate as much as possible the risks involved.

So please use

test Extend a wreck holder. Alright,

Um,

do not hold the value chain and your hands are transferring the sample. This is when

quite commonly,

uh, sharp injuries. Needle stick injuries occur.

Okay, so, um, for black glucose monitoring,

please use the Lancet and not a hypodermic needle.

I think this one is quite clear.

Oh, another thing I would like to ask for this is that sometimes if you give,

uh,

a vaccine,

uh,

if the patient is prone, for example,

you can give it another area of deltoid or your lateral tie region.

Don't forget that there are other possible locations instead of the usual.

Okay, A B G.

Please be careful.

Do not transport the syringe with the hypodermic needle still intact.

Make sure not only applied to paediatrics, but even to, um

but even to adults. Okay. So make sure that there's enough restraint.

Enough restraint, uh, for the patient.

Okay.

To make sure that there is enough restraint for the patient and cooperative patient

or the delirious patient

just to avoid any risk of, um, needle stick injuries,

then featuring please use the forceps. It's very important.

Why is it created is to help you.

Please don't use your fingers as a forceps as a support means.

All right. So clothes, shoes, covered shoes.

All cuts should be covered and protected.

Your blood taking trollies, please make sure that it is adequate.

Prior to use, there should be a shot bin and the clinical waste bin,

At least at the very least.

Um, also your gloves.

Hm.

You're tested. Wreck.

All right. Try to minimise your kidney dish usage.

If there's an inadequacy in any of your words or your work locations,

uh, please inform me or the system works. Sister in charge.

Okay, Wearing gloves is most important, especially during this covid time.

I think everyone has, um, practised it quite well. Do not assist without gloves,

because you may be the one getting into later.

Okay. Sharp beans, please.

Make sure that it is, uh, not more than two thirds field at all times. Okay.

Please take the complaint to the word supervisor. What system?

If this is not practised in your locations, do not throw it into

the shop. Being sorry into the general wasting.

Because then you expose the radicals to this risk

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