AMU3630_Lecture_9_Part

who? Okay.

Hi there.

And welcome once again to a new tree.

630 Governing the global economy.

We are still in week nine resources and governing the

environment and video apart tree.

And this is the final part for this lecture we

will touch on new liberalism and the environment and some

sort of question marks that I would like to leave

you guys with.

Unless tely a few sort of areas off conclusion more

of questions, what to think about moving forward.

So new Liberace and the environment.

And of course, we discussed in the earlier part how

the liberal and how the liberal, uh, economic kind of

approach influence the environmental protection.

And here, maybe more kind of grand questions that we

can ask ourselves space on that Neo liberals and the

environment. What are the implications off neo liberal economic ideas

equaling the Washington consensus about efficient markets for the environment

And, well, perhaps that two options, right?

On the one hand, this can lead to deregulation of

pollution and environmental standards.

Well, we have the potion trading already going on and

actually race to the bottom, right?

Kind of bypassing the problem through the marketplace and ultimately

moving on with neo liberal economic practices.

But maybe the result is the opposite.

Rising developing countries to global standards.

True, the use of new liberal framework eso here I

would actually touch them toe aspect on Lee and the

first one will be about environmental standards and actually some

question marks that we can live there and lasted a

question of new dependency this global North Global South divide

that also actually feeds into this discussion on environmental protection.

Um, you guys have realized by now that throughout this

unit that the North south kind off dichotomy has been

present throughout the various topics.

Right? And it's not s capable, I think even in

the top of environmental protection, because off the different levels

of development of different levels, off ability to invest in

clean technology on dso on.

So something that I would like to end with, and

also that leads toe one of the readings for this

week as well that we may may be able to

touch on in tutorials.

A tw the end of the week so but first

of all, environmental standards, and this is something I kind

of left with the question mark globalizing environmental standards.

Because, for example, if exporters want toe be competitive nowadays,

right, we're in new liberal world.

Were using market economy approach to environmental protection, ofcourse, being

competitive, uh, in industrialized countries.

So, for example, in developing country wanting to export products

to industrialized country, they would have to meet regulatory standards.

These standards are often set in the global North and

are often, um, perhaps more easily reachable in the global

North because of the ability toe invest in clean technologies.

So there's kind of another hurdle in some sense for

developing countries to be ableto actually, uh, reach the markets

off the developed world.

But at the same time, uh, their various standards right?

For instance, in Palm Oil, there is their own table

on sustainable palm oil certification.

But at the same time, there is also the Malaysia

sustainable palm all standards so different standards are being present.

Are there competitive?

Are they're not?

Are they actually compatible?

Sorry. Um, do they mean the same?

There's a bit of a question mark there.

So this is something that exporters from especially developing countries,

have to deal with what when they would like to

try it in the in the developed countries and lack

off perhaps standardization of the certifications.

It's a bit of a problem here.

So one of the hartals that actually developing states have

to deal with, all right.

And let me now move to the second part here

that I think it is even more important.

More interesting is the new dependency.

And of course, this leads us back to the dependency

theory that we talked about in Week five when we

talk about the n i o initiated.

But we also talked about last week because it's one

of the theories off development as well, right?

So, uh, is their dependency present in environmental policies?

Well, the altar's off the reading for this week.

Roberts and Parks actually think that that is the case,

and I am quoting here from the reading building on

structuralist perspectives Off the World economy, a small but growing

group of researchers have forged new literature, ecologically unequal exchange,

undocumented that energy and materials disproportionately flow from the global

south toe, the global north.

What does it mean?

That means that the products that are damaging the environment

the most are actually produced in the developing states.

These states where productions are have shifted from the global

north and the others are finding this Toby unequal Toby,

Uh, actually, uh, kind of displaying a dependency in which

the developing countries found themselves in that ecological environmental area.

Because they are, they have toe suffer this environmental, uh,

this environmental damage while producing products for the global north.

Ah, nde.

The orders also raise an issue off, you know?

Perhaps not, uh, perhaps the carbon trading being not the

best possible solution to the problem off the environmental degradation

the climate change because they claim that you know emphasis

on unacceptability of carbon trading a za form off.

They do emphasize on unacceptability off carbon trading as a

form of new colonialism.

Right? Why?

Because rich countries maintain the levels of consumption while poor

nations cannot afford to develop an industrial infrastructure, thus inhibiting

this country's economic development.

So what does it mean?

It means there's more expensive for poor countries for developing

countries to actually um, develop economically a za result off

that system that in some sense, they're being taken advantage

off by the countries of the global North.

As a result, off the carbon training system.

So again, this is this dichotomy north south that has

been present here.

A new dependency.

Perhaps if we agree with those orders.

And I'm not saying that this is, uh, the only

approach to the topic, but it is an important kind

of a counter narrative toe kind of the success story

of carbon trading.

Right, Because it shows us that there is, uh, a

different situation.

The global south, in the global north, in the global

south from the country's has not developed the level of

the global North and the global North could develop before

the, uh, environmental sort of standards were in place, Right,

So their development was not inhibited at the time.

Wow. The development off the countries in the global south.

Right now it's actually inhibited because off this new, you

know, environmental standards.

So is that fair?

Perhaps not.

Right. How should this thing be settled And, uh, in

terms off, specifically the carbon trading issued?

The orders here are advocating for other solutions, right?

Carbon taxes, for example, carbon charges or dividends.

There will be different way off, actually, uh, texting the

carbon emissions that may be more favorable to the countries

in the global south.

Alright, guys.

So I think I will lead you leave you here

with this few sort off challenging points on how the

system off environmental protection is has actually developed.

And this is just to some concluding remarks.

And again, it's a more off sort of questions to

think about.

But of course, uh, this, uh, this probably, uh, cartoon.

It's, you know, obviously pushing this a little bit, but

it does question the free market approach toe governing, uh,

you know, environment, because, well, will self correcting market actually

fix climate change by producing more lifeboats?

Perhaps that's not the best solution to the problem.

So some questions I want to give you guys with

today are as follows our efforts to address environmental damage

simply about remaking globalization in a reformist and not radical

manner. Interesting question, right?

We talked about being reforms and being radical.

Of course, radical reforms in the global economic governance is

the Marxist kind of approach overtaking overturning the whole comment

system, reformist approach, you know, conforming to liberal, economic, enormous,

but trying to fix things sort of from within, within

the norms off the liberal economy, which perhaps we could

point to.

When we talk about how the carbon training, for example

takes place right, the radical approach will be, you know,

rethinking capitalism as it is and perhaps challenging the very

foundation off the system.

So good question for you guys.

Are we just simply kind of trying to reform the

system? But not without asking the more radical, the more

sort off piercing questions.

Think about it.

And secondly, are the free market and environmental protection compatible

at all?

Is the free market sort of?

Can the free market be actually a long term, successful

solution to the environmental protection issue?

Well, I'll give you guys with these questions.

We may not be able to discuss all of them

in tutorials, but Dr Sheila and I Will Will will

kind of pick some of the key issues that we

can have a bit more discussion into Torre's on Friday.

So Dio show up for the classes.

Please don't read the readings because this week students are

actually very closely related to the issues that we have

discussed and, yeah, let's have a bit more discussion on

Friday then.

So thanks.

So much and below you, of course.

Find the supplementary videos that I've touched on earlier.

Do watch them as well together.

But the understanding off this process is See you guys.

AMU3630_Lecture_9_Part_3

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