Management of obesity

Good morning, students. I'm Juhi

Shaha,

faculty member of

Khan Chara

Mohala

Nish Mohamed

Daa.

Today I'm going to discuss about management of obesity.

According to World Health Organisation,

in 2022 1 in eight people in the world were living with obesity.

And the prevalence of obesity in India is increasing faster than world

average.

So we

should have a clear knowledge about obesity, its, uh,

causes and how it affects our body and how we can manage, uh, obesity.

So first, we will start with the definition of obesity.

So what is obesity? Obesity is a generalised, uh, accumulation of excess body fat

in our body, which leads to, um, weight gain more than 20% of desirable weight.

This, uh,

uh, excess accumulation of, uh,

adipose tissue may occur around the waist or trunk or, uh,

peripherally around the body.

So now we will discuss about the classification of obesity.

Obesity can be classified

on the basis of BM. I grade. Uh uh, Grade one obesity. Um, the grade one obese the BM.

I is, uh, between, uh, 30 to 35 4.9 KG per metre squared

and in case of grade two obesity.

Uh, the BM I, uh, range is between, uh, 35 to 39.9 KG per metre square.

And the last one is the grade three obesity. It is also known as morbid obesity.

Um uh uh.

BM I of grade three obese is more than 40 KG per metre square

on the basis of, uh, uh, distribution of adipose tissue.

Uh, we can, uh, classify the obesity in two classes.

First one is android obesity, and the second one is, uh, gynoid obesity.

Anatomically adipose tissue is unequally distributed in

varying proportion in the human body.

When the distribution of adipose tissue is abnormally

high surrounding the internal viscera of abdomen,

it is referred to as abdominal or central obesity.

Uh,

it is also referred as apple

shaped obesity.

Uh, when the, uh, excess accumulation of adipose tissue occurs, uh,

in the lower part of the body,

it is known as gynoid obesity or peripheral obesity or pure

shaped obesity.

Uh, on the basis of age here, we can classify obesity in two classes juvenile

onset obesity and adult onset obesity.

Juvenile

onset obesity occurs due to hyperplasia, and most rapidly,

in the first few years of life.

There is a marked increase in the adequate tissue cells.

Thus it is referred as hyperplastic obesity

fat cells. Once developed, it doesn't disappear.

For this reason, fat Children are inclined to be fat adults.

As many as 80% of obese Children will become obese adults

in adult

onset obesity. The size of the individual fat cell is greatly enhanced.

Thus,

hypertrophic individuals maintain weight loss better than hyperplastic one.

Now we will discuss the aetiology of obesity.

Actually, obesity is a multifactorial disease.

It occurs due to various, uh, reasons. Uh, including genetics, uh, food habits.

Uh, uh, consumption of, uh, it junk food it. Sorry.

Excess consumption of junk food, family history, psychological factors,

endocrine factor and urbanisation also, uh, causes or, uh,

also associated with the occurrence of

ation of, uh, obesity.

Now we will discuss about the pathophysiology of obesity.

Brian plays the central role in food regulation.

Actually, there is there, uh, is, uh, two, centre.

The one is hunger centre, and another one is satiety

centre, situated in the hypothalamus.

When we are hungry, the hunger centre

provide, um, signals.

And we, uh,

have

the arch to consume food

And when I when we are consuming food,

the, uh uh,

That in turn,

provides signals to the satiety

centre and to stop the feeding behaviour. By this, the food. Mm.

Sorry. By this process, the Foo, uh, food regulation in human body is maintained,

uh, when the energy out intake is greater than the energy output, uh,

then the person will be in in a positive energy balance,

and this ultimately results in obesity.

Now, we will discuss about the complications of obesity.

Obesity causes, uh, sexual hormone imbalance. Uh uh, increased, uh, free

fatty acid, uh, in our blood. And it also causes metabolic stress.

As a result, uh, there may be hormone related dependent tumours, uh,

insulin resistance.

Uh, hyper,

uh,

hyperlipidemia. Um and it's also result in type two diabetes, uh,

amitis

and different cardiovascular, uh, diseases. Uh, and, uh, there is sleep apnea.

Um, osteoarthritis, low back pain and shortness of breath may occur.

So, um,

if we want to manage the

obesity, we need to assess first.

So for this reason,

there are different parameters that we can use to assess obesity.

The first one is BM I,

which is also known as platelet in this.

It is a ratio of weight, uh, in KG to height in metres square.

Uh, as we are, we have discussed about the, uh, different, Um uh,

classic, uh, different types of obesity on the basis of, uh, PM I

There are several other, uh, assessment tools that we can use. Uh, that is BRCA

index caps,

uh, corpulence

index, uh, pal

index with

hip ratio and through

meric, uh, to, uh, measurement like, uh, skin fold thickness.

Uh, these, uh, uh, parameters

helps to assess the,

um, uh, obesity.

Now we will discuss about the management of obesity

With recent economic progress and urbanisation.

Traditional healthy diets have been

substituted by Western influence.

Diet rich in a saturated fat, refined sugar and preserve

Weight loss and weight maintenance require a

long term reduction in calorie intake.

Long-term adherence to a healthy eating pattern that is, uh,

personalised to meet individual values

and preferences while fulfilling nutritional

needs and treatment goals is an important element of,

uh, managing health and weight.

Diet plays an important role in, um, management of obesity.

The diet, uh, 30 principle, uh, or the should be low calorie, uh, normal protein.

Uh, limited carbohydrate, high fibre, restricted fat and liberal, uh, food, Uh,

with the, uh, normal vitamins and minerals, Uh, except, uh,

sodium are recommended.

All individuals, regardless of the body size or composition, uh,

would benefit from, uh, adopting a healthy,

well balanced eating pattern and engaging in regular physical activity.

Aerobic activity, uh,

for 30 to 60 minutes on most days of the week can lead to a small amount of, uh,

small but significant amount of weight and fat loss.

Uh,

stress, uh, is a major, uh, reason for overeating.

And, uh, uh, patient can, uh, reduce, uh, stress

related over

eating by learning how to implement methods other

than eating to deal with or reduce stress.

And some examples include, uh, deep, uh, muscle relaxation, meditation, yoga.

Uh, and, uh, they must ask to include physical activity in their daily routine.

Drug therapy may be used as a part of comprehensive weight loss programme,

including diet therapy and physical exercise.

For patient with BM.

I, uh, of, uh, 30 KG per metre squared with no concomitant obesity

related risk factors or, uh, diseases. The new drugs, uh, cyber

Ramin and all these that combined with, uh

faline

provide helpful tool to access healthcare professionals, uh,

manage the weight of the patient more successfully.

So most successful programmes employ a multidisciplinary

approach to weight loss with the hypothalamic

diet, behaviour modification to change eating, behaviour, aerobic exercise,

pharmacological therapy, social

support,

emphasis must be on maintenance of weight

loss.

And

with this I'm concluding my lecture.

Thank you.

Management of obesity_Juthi Saha

Audio TranscriptAuto-generated