Person Centered Theory

Hello everyone. My name is Ashley garlic.

And today I want to discuss the application of person

centered theory as a shared theory and nursing practice.

Before we dive too deep into this theory, let's discuss the surface.

What is person centered theory

Developed in 1959,

persons enter theory is a psychotherapy model

of practice developed by Carl Rogers.

That looks at the uniqueness of every individual

Born in 1902.

Rogers was one of six Children and was was

described to be intelligent from an early age.

Rogers was reading before the age of five

and actually skipped both Kindergarten and 1st grade.

Rogers pursued, pursued several educational,

passed during his undergraduate studies at the University of Wisconsin,

including Agriculture history and ministry,

but eventually enrolled in the clinical

psychology program at Columbia University.

As he believes studying psychology may help him answer life's many questions.

Rogers spent many years working in academics at the University

of Ohio University of Chicago and the University of Wisconsin.

Rogers developed the approach to therapy,

which he initially called non direct therapy,

in which therapists served as a facilitator

of therapy sessions rather than director.

This approach was eventually named the client centered approach,

also known as person centered therapy.

Rogers is considered to be one of the

most influential influential psychologists of the 20th century.

He was one of the founders of humanistic psychotherapy.

He helped develop the center for studies of the person

and he was nominated for a Nobel Peace Prize for his work.

Rogers deny the deterministic nature of psychoanalysis and behaviorism and

believe that humans behave because of how they perceive,

stating as no one else can

can know how we perceive. We are the best experts on ourselves.

Rogers believed that humans have one basic motive to self actualize in order

to fulfill one's potential and achieve the highest level of human being.

This

that they can.

His model explains that each individual has everything needed for

a self understanding and for changing their attitude and behavior.

The concept of self actualization was borrowed from Maslow's hierarchy,

and Rogers believed took place when a person achieves their goals,

wishes and desires in life.

Two components of Roger's theory,

which help explain the self actualization tendency include organism.

In the self organism is the locus of all experience.

Rogers considers the awareness of everything potentially going

on within the organism at any given point.

Self refers to the organized perception of both characteristics in

a relationship of oneself and values tied to those perceptions.

The some of the human experience is referred to Rogers as the phenomenal field.

The phenomenal field consists of several components.

First is that an individual's frame of reference

is only known by that individual person.

The second component is that the person's behavior depends

on the phenomenal field rather than outside stimulating factors

In 3rd,

Rogers believed that the phenomenal field was

made up of conscious and unconscious experiences.

Congruence and

in congruence refer to the acceptance or non

acceptance of the organism with their ideal self.

Rogers believes that we want to feel experience and behave in

ways that reflect what we would like ourselves to be.

Congruence occurs when the self accepts their organism,

experiences without threat or anxiety.

This allows the individual to think and make realistic decisions

rarely does total

congruence occur,

but a state of congruence allows a person to achieve self actualization.

In congruence is when there is little overlap

between one self image in their ideal self.

This causes an individual to feel threatened and anxious and can

cause defensive behavior and rigid thinking resulting in behavioral issues.

Rogers believed that behavior is basically the goal oriented

attempt of the organism to satisfy its needs.

As experienced

according to Rogers,

every individual has to learn needs that of positive regard and self regard.

Positive regard is how other people evaluate and judge our behaviors and actions.

People who received both positive and negative evaluations by others allow for

individual learning to decipher actions that might be worthy or unworthy.

Unconditional positive regard means that

individuals receive acceptance even when

the individual does something wrong or makes a mistake,

conditional positive regard is conditional to behavior

which is approved by the individual,

providing the regard.

For instance,

parents only providing acceptance for behaviors which they believe to be correct

self regard or self worth is how one thinks about themselves and develops early

in childhood from the interactions a child has with their mother and father.

This later comes from close relationships with others. In adulthood,

the concept of self birth is fundamental and psychological health attainment

of goals and ambitions in life to achieve self actualization.

Positive self regard increases confidence and positive feelings,

allowing one to face challenges in life and accept failure.

Negative self worth can lead to an individual who is

guarded to others and who avoids challenges in life.

So let's discuss the person centered theory

in relation to the nursing meta paradigm.

We know that this theory is considered a shared theory to our practice,

but exploring the nursing meta paradigm

helps us understand the application further.

Roger's theory emphasizes that individuals are

unique as our nursing medical paradigm suggests

those that we treat patients families, communities have various psychosocial,

physical and intellectual needs.

Rogers concept of self and ideal self.

Show us how nursing care can help the congruence between the

two by advocating educating and providing support for our patients.

In doing so, we can help our patients reach self actualization

in order for patients to reach a state of health and well being.

Patient behaviors occur for the organism to maintain and enhance itself.

When we consider behaviors that affects one affect one's health, such as diet,

exercise and smoking cessation.

Roger's theory suggests that the individual's perception of his

or her needs drive their goal oriented actions.

Rogers believe that individuals are able to experience strong influence from

their environment and that social environment can make a significant impact.

Roger's theory discusses positive regard and how unconditional positive regard,

value and respect allows individuals to self actualize

nurses can consider this concept when providing

care to their patients by listening,

avoiding judgment and being supportive in one's journey to health.

Lastly,

an important goal of nursing in the meta

paradigm is helping individuals attain their human potential.

When we aid the patients,

families and communities we serve in reaching their potential.

We are ultimately guiding them to self actualization.

Nurses do this through the care they provide, the patients who are sick,

the therapies and medications they administer,

serving as an advocate and through communication

and assistance they provide to their patients.

The person centered model model emphasizes the uniqueness

of individuals in the perception of their experiences.

This is important in nursing application as nurses

can use this model to guide care by

making sure to involve their patients and planet

care development to allow for better treatment outcomes.

An effective nurse patient relationship includes

unconditional positive regard from the nurse,

empathetic understanding and genuine concern for the patient.

Let's consider this application across different patient populations.

I'm sure many of us,

if not all have cared for patients who have migrated from other countries.

It's important in our care to consider the factors which precipitated their move

and the impact that plays in the person's self and positive regard.

One nursing study that I found discusses the importance of patient centered care

for migrant populations and their integration into

the healthcare system for better health outcomes

because of cultural and language barriers.

There's often a misunderstanding and the care provided to migrant populations.

This leads to decreased outreach to health care even when necessary.

Using Rodger's patient centered approach,

nurses can provide patient centered care by

considering the unique circumstances of individuals,

culture,

use of interpreters,

adapted teaching explanation of healthcare access and having

a general awareness of one's own preconceived ideas.

This applies to Roger's theory,

as ultimately as it is important to consider the uniqueness

of each individual we interact with in our nursing care

and allow patients to be involved in gold setting to

improve their self regard and congruence of their ideal self

nursing and palliative care also provides a unique perspective to

carl Rogers application of person centered theory to our practice.

One nursing article discusses Rogers person centered approach by exploring the

impact of the nurse relationship with the patient and their family

to help create positive change to the person

through the course of their terminal illness.

When nurses use empathy,

unconditional positive regard and genuine approaches

in their relationships with clients,

they can allow they can allow for increased self worth.

Roger's psychotherapy model,

encourages listening and open communication to establish trust.

When we consider caring for patients with terminal diagnoses,

establishing trust in the nurse patient relationship can

allow the patient to confide in me,

confide in the nurse and helping with mental and physical needs

that arise due to illness, so that the nurse could provide holistic end of life care.

Shared theories can be important in nursing

practice as they provide outside perspectives which

can be relatable to serving our patients to communities as best as we can.

Rogers.

Person centered psychotherapy model is a useful tool to help guide

nurses in connecting with their patients to achieve positive health goals.

Now that we have discussed the patient centered approach by carl Rogers,

I have a couple of questions for you all.

Can you think of an example where you

used unconditional self regard while caring for a patient

and how do you think the person centered model can be used in your current practice?

Thank you for listening to my presentation today.

I hope you enjoyed learning about this patient centered approach

and I look forward to learning more and

shared theory through viewing your presentations as well.

Person Centered Theory

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