Language Education in the US

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by Katrina Keeling7 views·Updated Jun 5, 2023
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  1. Hello everyone. My name is Katrina Keeling.
  2. And today I'm gonna be talking about language, minor,
  3. minor
  4. learners in the United States, specifically from the 18 hundreds until 2001
  5. first event that I wanted to speak about that was very
  6. important in this instance are the attempts to eradicate non-english languages.
  7. Unfortunately,
  8. this has been a common theme within the United States and lack
  9. of tolerance towards immigrants not coming from British or Spanish backgrounds.
  10. Uh Again, this has been something that's common even now.
  11. Uh But back in the 18 hundreds,
  12. there was a lot more direct and ruthless ways that
  13. we try to combat non-english speakers in the United States.
  14. Um This included boarding schools laws to prevent them speaking
  15. in public or with family members that are native language.
  16. Um There was even murder and kidnapping
  17. instances that have happened obviously even recently.
  18. Um which was absolutely awful.
  19. Let's continue to the 19 thirties and forties
  20. uh during the 19 thirties and forties. Uh This was World War Two.
  21. There were a lot of implications on immigration towards the United
  22. States uh specifically for those of Eastern European and Jewish descent.
  23. Um While this was a major instance and there were absolutely floods
  24. of people coming to the United States at well over 100,000.
  25. Uh there was no actual refugee policy between 1933 and 1941
  26. which caused a large panic and a lot of uh,
  27. a lot of pressure to be put onto these people to come
  28. to the United States um in any way that they can,
  29. um,
  30. moreover them wanting to integrate to America and have an easier life caused them
  31. to not want to speak their native
  32. languages anymore or languages of their communities.
  33. Um Usually within the Jewish and your Eastern European communities,
  34. this could be their country language or this could
  35. even be Yiddish and other uh small communal languages.
  36. 1967 the Bilingual Education Act also known as Title Seven was passed.
  37. Uh This was almost 200 years after the Constitution was even written where it was
  38. the first act that actually considered students of
  39. non-english language speaking homes or uh themselves.
  40. Uh The Civil Rights Act of 1964 was right before this,
  41. but that more dealt with their country of origin and their nationality.
  42. This was specifically dealing with students who did not speak English.
  43. Um Moreover, there is also uh more
  44. recognizing of the challenges and disadvantages that these students had
  45. in the classroom compared to their English speaking counterparts.
  46. 1974 was one of the first cases in which uh the uh 1964 Civil Rights Act,
  47. as well as the Bilingual Education Act were um
  48. attested to and brought forth to the Supreme Court.
  49. Uh This was the case of Lao versus Nichols and where the
  50. San Francisco school system had around
  51. 3200 non-english speaking Chinese students.
  52. Um around 1800 of them, however, did not receive all of the different uh
  53. curriculum and programs that they were promised in
  54. order to have them be more fulfilling learners.
  55. Um And so this was brought up and a judge ruled that
  56. this was indeed a violation of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
  57. Um And this was a very huge milestone in that instance,
  58. a little bit further.
  59. In 1982 we had an instance in Texas in which uh Texas actually had a statute
  60. that did not allow uh Texas and its regions to fund
  61. or give funding to schools that supported uh undocumented uh Children.
  62. Now, previous to this,
  63. we were talking about students who were considered to be
  64. Americans or were fully citizens of the United States.
  65. In this instance,
  66. this case actually was brought up for students
  67. who did not fall under that category previously,
  68. that was not really discussed.
  69. Um A judge did indeed rule that while these
  70. students are not considered us citizens or Texas citizens,
  71. they are still indeed absolutely people,
  72. which I think is a really beautiful message
  73. overall.
  74. And finally, and very recently in 2001,
  75. something that a lot of us should actually remember from our
  76. childhoods is the implementation of the No child Left Behind Act.
  77. This was implemented first by George Bush in 2001
  78. and then was redesigned by Obama in 2015.
  79. Originally,
  80. this was essentially a uh method for the US to combat international
  81. uh competition issues when it came to education and supporting our students.
  82. And so it had
  83. the schools and regional uh areas rely more
  84. on themselves to have the students perform well.
  85. Uh This include administering tests for grades three through
  86. eight in the areas of math and reading.
  87. Those statistics were then placed in three categories of socioeconomic status,
  88. race and disability
  89. and a school would then be promoted to have um changes
  90. put in their curriculum or to support the students in a,
  91. in a more fruitful manner
  92. and also made sure that students had highly qualified teachers in the classrooms,
  93. which in this instance included teachers that had at least a bachelor's degree.
  94. Um If schools or regions did not perform to the
  95. standards for at least two years in a row,
  96. they would be sanctioned and forced to allow students to move to a better
  97. performing school which then of course would
  98. further affect their funding in the future.
  99. Enter my references.