Cancer treatment options

Okay, so we're gonna talk about cancer treatment options in

the content Mastery Siris for a t I adult medical

surgical addition.

11. This is chapter 91.

Um, cancer treatment options are based on the type of

cancer. Ah, the patient presentation.

And whether or not the cancer is ah, primary or

metastatic Ah, treatment is also dependent on our advancements in

technology. Um, cancer treatment is an ever changing science.

So I'm gonna start out talking about surgical procedures and,

um, these were either gonna manipulate the cancer or we're

going to remove it so we can do tumor reduction,

maybe take out part of the tumor.

Um, dependent on.

Maybe it's causing the patient a lot of pain, and

we need to remove it.

Or if it is involving, ah, lot of other tissues

or organs, we may only be able to take out

part of it.

Also, tumor excision, which would be taken out the entire

tumor. Ah, lymph node dissection.

Um, or also known a sentinel lymph node Biopsy.

Ah is done to determine if cancer has spread or

if there's an additional risk for cancer.

Prophylactic surgeries.

Ah, are when we remove pre cancerous tissue or in

patients who have ah, high risk.

Maybe. Ah, familial type of ah, risk for developing cancer.

We can remove ah, normal tissue for prophylactic reasons.

Also, rehabilitative or reconstructive surgeries can be done.

Ah, following cancer treatments and then some of our more

extensive surgeries.

My involve multiple organs or structures, large amounts of lymph

node involvement and deep lesions.

Chemotherapy is tthe e next form of treatment that some

cancers require.

Ah, for chemotherapy.

Um And I want you to know ah, what route

these agents are given.

Um, we can do, uh or I mean, I'm sorry

we can do Orel.

We can do parental weaken Do topical.

I ve intra arterial or intra ventricle ventricular weaken due

inter cava Terry um and ah, specialized training or certification

is necessary to administer some of these chemotherapy drugs.

Orel medications Are justus toxic to the patients as ah

taking the medication as the nurse handling the medications when

agent also be aware of that.

Ah, they should never be crushed, split, broken or chewed

by the patient.

Um, if the route is, um, intravenous, um, we are

going to do Central Venus access devices and these were

placed in large blood vessels.

Ah, and this permits frequent, continuous or intermittent administration of

chemotherapy. Ah, immunotherapy or targeted therapy.

So in chapter 16 of Lewis will talk more about

central venous access devices.

But just know that the's agents are not gonna be

given through a typical peripheral ivy.

Some of the complications with chemotherapy include immuno suppression or

neutropenia will learn more that about that as we go.

Ah, but there's certain Neutra Penick precautions that you need

to take into account also for the patient.

We're gonna monitor that white blood cell count.

Ah, we're going to monitor their fever, and we're gonna

monitor for other signs of infection.

Ah, the other complications that could have nausea, vomiting or

anorexia. Just a change in their appetite.

Possibly Ah, or just the lack of desire to eat

it all, Uh, Allah P sha or loss of overall

body hair could be a complication.

Ah, hyper sensitivities.

Ah, patients could have an increased reaction to other medications

or to their chemotherapy drugs.

Ah, if so, we need to stop the medications immediately.

Uh, and, um, begin with a protocol for emergency treatment.

So we will educate our patients on these, uh, potential

complications. Ah, Orel effects.

We could have ah, inflammation in the mucous linings.

Um, we could have inflammation inthe e tissues of the

oral cavity.

And so we're going to give a lot of education

and have patients rinse their mouth several times a day

and report any lesions, anemia and thrombosis.

Osteopenia is also a complication of chemotherapy.

Ah, so this is secondary to a bone marrow suppression.

We could have chemotherapy induced peripheral neuropathy.

So we want to be alert to our patients complaining

of any loss of sensation or motor function in their

peripheral extremities.

And also, cognitive impairment can occur through chemotherapy administration.

That cognitive impairment could be temporary could be permanent.

Ah, and it's also something that we need to educate

our patients and their families about.

Then we'll talk about radiation.

Um, there's two different forms of radiation that I want

you to know.

Um I will test over them in clicks, will test

over them.

Uh, radiation is one of the oldest nonsurgical methods of

cancer treatment, and, ah, it does admit a type of

energy which travels through materials.

There's been a lot of technological advances with radiation.

Ah, weaken Do low energy beams or high energy beams

depending on the area that needs to be penetrated.

Um, radiation is used to, ah, carefully treat a very

specific defined area of the body.

Um, it's not a primary treatment for systemic disease were

typically going to see our patients, uh, having chemotherapy for

systemic. Ah, but we can use radiation to target primary

tumors or palley ation of metastatic lesions.

External radiation, also known as tele therapy, is the most

common type of treatment, and our patients are exposed to

the radiation from a mega volt machine.

And, um, than internal radiation or breaking therapy is when

we implant or insert a radioactive material inside or close

to a tumor.

And there is minimal exposure to AH surrounding healthy tissue

with the breaking therapy, and it's commonly used in combination

with Tell a therapy, um, are complications for ah, radiation.

We still see some common side effects.

Ah, bone marrow suppression patients typically complain of fatigue, G

I disturbances in tech, momentary and mucosal reactions.

We could see pulmonary effects on dhe reproductive effects that

we need to educate our patients about, um so bone

marrow suppression is the most common side effect of chemotherapy,

but we can also see it with radiation.

Ah, fatigue.

We want to help our patients to develop a plan

to conserve their energy in between activities.

Ah, we can give for G effects.

We can give some prophylactic anti medics so they don't

get nauseated.

Ah, we want to make sure that their diet contains

a lot of non irritating foods.

Um, low fibre foods, but high in calorie and high

in protein.

So those are two things that in clicks questions will

typically ask about is tthe e dietary Ah, considerations for

chemotherapy and radiation.

So we want that low fibre, high calorie, high protein

diets. Ah, the skin reactions with radiation.

Um especially that tell a therapy that external radiation therapy.

Ah, we can see this develop anywhere from one hour

to a full 24 hours after the treatment.

And it's generally progressive as the treatment dose accumulates.

So patients might ah have a worsening skin reaction over

a period of time with several radiation treatments.

Um, the skin reactions that your patients will see our

dry discrimination, and this is where we have some readiness.

Ah followed by that dry discrimination.

So these dry reactions air really uncomfortable.

Role itchy.

We want to lubricate the dry skin with a non

irritating lotion.

I'm going to recommend the patients use pretty much nothing

but Allah.

Vera Ah, we don't want those lotions containing any alcohol

or perfume or any other irritation to the skin.

So, Allah, there is a really good recommendation.

Ah, sometimes we can have a wet discrimination.

And this is when the cells are going to slough

off fast, faster than the new cells can replace those

dead skin cells.

And that wet discrimination, um, occurs with an exposure of

the Durmus so that epidermis slips off and that Durmus

is exposed and it starts weeping.

Serious fluids.

Ah, that wet reaction needs to be kept clean and

protected from damage.

And we see, um, an increase in risk for infection.

When the patients have that wet discrimination.

It's very painful.

It's draining.

And, uh, again, the patients will have an increased risk

for infection.

So with those kin reactions, we want to prevent the

infection and facilitate healing For that

Cancer treatment options

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