Abnormal Psychology Article Presentation

This presentation will go over the

experimental study titled consequences of exposure to

the thin ideal and mass media depend on moderators in young women.

This was published in the Journal of Abnormal Psychology,

which has an impact factor of 6.673 and was published in 2021.

First,

we'll go over a general scientific summary of

body image and the exposure to thin ideals.

This study focuses on the concerns with body image that are often influenced

by thin ideals and concerns may lead to mood disorders and eating disorders.

The study supports that exposure to mostly unachievable than

ideals in mass media such as beauty magazines,

leads to body image dissatisfaction and impaired mood

not only in young women with eating disorders,

but further in those with mixed mental disorders and in healthy one,

particularly impaired mood. After thin ideal exposure,

activated disturbed eating behavior in women with eating disorders.

Next we will move on to the abstract portion.

These subjects were 275 women,

of which 174 were in or out patients 101

were healthy women with the median age being 22.87

years.

The media exposure

that was presented to each of the patients was thin ideas or landscape pictures

and they were also additionally guided through

a vivid imagery of these picture there.

After

this study examined the consequences of media exposure

compared to pictures of landscapes and healthy women

and women with mixed disorders and investigated whether

appearance related cognitive factors and cognitive distortions,

moderate the effects.

It was done in a multi site laboratory trial.

They were guided through multiple images and

measured the body changes in image dissatisfaction,

mood, eating behavior and physiological measures.

They found that cognitive distortions moderated the effect of

the thin ideal exposure and guided imagery on mood,

although it did not lead to a physiological stress response,

it was also more pronounced in women with eating disorders.

Next we'll move on to the introduction.

Body dissatisfaction is described as the degree to which

individuals are concerned about or dissatisfied with their appearance,

including related thoughts, beliefs, feelings and behaviors.

This feeling is most common among young females

and is so prevalent in today's society.

It's been deemed a normative condition.

Many studies and hypotheses suggest that Western media plays a large part in this.

There have been many laboratory cross sectional and longitudinal studies that

confirm that repeated exposure to mass media such as beauty magazines,

is related to body dissatisfaction and eating disorders.

The TSF concept includes irrational beliefs about the

closeness of the relationship between thoughts about food

and the physical world.

It was adapted from the concept of thought action fusion and individuals with oecD

that suggests that the likelihood of an undesirable event occurring

is more likely to happen by a negative thought.

In addition to thinking about food,

It suggested that the mirror vivid imagination

of thin ideals can also be associated with

body related cognitive distortions in both healthy controls

as well as those with eating disorders,

constant exposure to these,

Thin ideals can have a detrimental impact on mental health

and that can even meet the criteria of an environmental stressor, for example,

being an

unpleasant company or feeling lonely.

Its effects are even enhanced more so by the inherent ego

involvement of the content and ensuing feelings of shame and guilt.

This is especially prevalent for young women whose body

images particularly malleable at this time in their life,

and stress levels are also at an all time high.

Mhm.

Many parts of this study are based on previous findings,

but what's new about this study is that it is

focusing on shared versus specific effects of exposure within ideas.

Um You know, using magazines and it's followed by a guided imagery of those visuals.

Also, it's measuring dissatisfaction, mood,

eating behavior and physiological responses,

and it clarifies the role of cognitive processes within the study.

Okay,

the first hypothesis, within the study

business follows compared to exposure and

guided imagery of neutral landscape images,

exposure followed by guided imagery of thin ideal images

was expected to lead to a decrease in mood

to an increase in body image dissatisfaction and an

internal pressure to engage in dysfunctional eating behavior.

The second hypothesis is as follows,

the after mentioned effects were expected to be more pronounced

in women with mental disorders than in healthy women and within

women with mental disorders to be more pronounced in the

eating disorder sample than in the mixed mental disorder sample.

The third hypothesis is that dysfunctional

cognitive processes were expected to moderate

responses to thin ideal exposure and guided imagery in the overall sample.

Additionally the study explored to which extent

women showed physiological stress responses to thin ideals

compared to landscape exposure and guided imagery with

respect to all three of the hypotheses.

Yeah.

Next we will talk about the methods.

First the participants are recruited between 2014 and 17

Overall there were 362 patients screened for admission to the trial and

there were 213 female in and out patients enrolled at the end.

The administered protocol for this study.

After signing an informed consent for him,

the participants were randomly assigned to exposure conditions whether

it was thin ideals or the landscape pictures.

They were explained what the study was about and after

exposure interviews were conducted as well as self report questionnaires.

The physiological

measures were diagnostic interviews to assess mental disorders and

visual analog scales that assess body image dissatisfaction,

mood and urges to engage in dysfunctional eating.

The physiological

measures

comprised of HIV which was

assessed continuously during the experimental procedure

using chest belts

which is an ambulatory monitoring system.

Data was visually inspected and then divided into

different segments according to the registered timestamps.

In addition to H. R. V.

Salivary cortisol and essay were also collected repeatedly during the procedure.

The moderators were appearance related cognitive

factors and body related cognitive distortions.

The socio cultural attitudes towards appearance questionnaire included

19 items and they were selected and they

selected them mean score which summarized the item

values of three sub scales which was pressure,

awareness and internalization

for the body related cognitive distortions.

They used previously validated german version of the T. S. F. B.

To assess cognitive distortions related to the imagination of thin ideals.

The co variants were the use

of medicine certification and hormonal contraceptives.

Participants were asked about the intake of both of these during week one.

Prior to the experiment

Vividness of imagery track was also included.

At the end of the guided imagery,

all participants had to rate the vividness of the imagination during the task.

Using a scale from 0 to 10

and the implicit memory check,

Which 98% reported having viewed the magazines

as instructed 99% in the landscape position

Condition and 97 in this an ideal condition.

A priori power analysis was performed

and this referred to comparisons between clinical and control groups

but did not include comparison within the sub samples.

The outcomes included three self reported variables.

Body image dissatisfaction,

mood and urged to disengage in engaging dysfunctional eating behavior.

Additionally,

s a

physiological measures of cortisol.

We're also explored.

Finally we'll go over results.

So overall it's noted that they did not find within the study

that the mere exposure to the thin ideals had any influence on

mood dissatisfaction with body image and

urged to engage in dysfunctional eating behavior

with regard to hypothesis one and two,

they found that body image dissatisfaction

increased after the thin ideal exposure,

but decreased after exposure to landscape pictures.

Mood declined after thin ideal exposure, but increased after landscape pictures,

pictures and the urge to engage

in dysfunctional eating slightly increased after thin

ideal exposure and remained on the same level with the landscape pictures.

There was no significant results for any

physiological stress responses in either of the outcomes

Regarding hypothesis three,

there was a correlation between the two moderators tested, which was .78,

which is pretty statistically significant.

And there were also related cognitive

distortions related to the body that moderated the effect,

that's an ideal exposure on mood, they found

furthermore,

it was discussed that throughout the study they applied a rigorous

approach to examining the impact of the exposure to thin ideas,

which is built on preliminary research

and that the presence or absence of eating and mixed

disorders was verified throughout the interviews with each participant.

Um For a hypothesis, the first hypothesis, the effect sizes were moderate for mood,

small for body dissatisfaction and very small for

the urge to engage in dysfunctional eating behavior.

The limitations of this study would be that, first of all,

they were using self reporting questionnaires which

always can be moderated by one's own mind

and also that

additionally,

even though that the majority of the women

viewed the pictures during the laboratory test,

they did not do a control for gays behavior, which would have allowed

the participants to refer to attentional processes during the exposure.

In the future, it was discussed that

what the subject imagined during guided imagery would be interesting to report,

and whether or not specific aspects of the

photos shown influence the overall effect they had,

such as the color palette of them,

and to study with just mere exposures without the guided imagery,

and to also complete the same study with male patients to see

if it's just as prevalent within males as it is females.

Abnormal Psychology Article Presentation

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