Introduction to Research (Part 2)

Hi welcome to Let's explore research with you.

Okay, so the learning outcomes are different shape.

Various types of researchers.

The first learning outcome, the second learning outcome of today's

video is distinguished the difference between method and methodology.

These are the two meaning a main learning outcomes.

Okay. To understand various types of researchers.

To differentiate what is method, What is methodology?

We need to first understand what is research.

So what we're gonna do first is begin to look

at uh types of uh we're going to look at

a few definitions of the term research.

So the first definition is research can be described as

a systematic and organized effort to investigate all scientific inquiry

of a specific problem that needs a solution Or answer.

So this was defined by sec around 1992.

So the keywords, the important key words here, our systematic

organized processes of inquiry investigating.

And another prominent phrase in this definition is to solve

problems. Yeah.

So moving on to the next definition.

Okay, what do you see here?

Does it look like a flying hat?

So if we take a look at the except here

We see words like extra terrorist trail and it's being

repeated again here in line four Extraterrestrial life.

And this keyword here extraterrestrial gives us an idea.

This is about something which is not usual.

So this is most likely not a flying hat but

looks like it's a Ufo.

So the thing about Ufo Okay, some of you may

believe in its existence.

Some of you may not.

So people, researchers who believe in its existence.

They're not giving up.

They are continuously doing their research to prove its existence.

So in this context, the term research is to find

out, bring back to this slide.

Yeah, the term research is a systematized effort to gain

new knowledge.

The reason why we say this is new knowledge is

because we speculate its existence, we predict its presence.

If it's really there, we don't have anything substantial.

So if we could find something substantial, then it becomes

something new to the whole world.

Therefore, in this context, research is a systematized effort to

know something new to gain new knowledge and then moving

on, okay, if you could see this uh newspaper cut

out here, it says may to discuss hungry, holding on

for dear life, it says thousands of families in southern

Madagascar on the age of starvation.

So it's something to do with famine poverty, your foot

shortage. So places like this, if you look at these

kids here, okay, it gives us an idea that they

definitely have many problems, not just one many problems.

One obvious problem is definitely nutrition.

Food cleanliness, perhaps a place to leave.

Yeah, they all are sited on the background and they

are not even properly dressed.

So there are a lot of problems and issues.

So when we say there are a lot of problems

and issues meaning we also have a lot of opportunities

for to conduct research.

So in these contacts, researchers aim or objective would be

okay Uh in this context research is a scientific method

of solving unsolved problem for economy and society.

So the term definition can be defined as a way

to solve the problems faced by our society, by a

particular, you know, the economy of a particular continent.

Country. Yeah.

So that definition could fit into this situation or context.

So what we could say here is um there are

a lot of definitions.

There are a lot of definitions.

And what is important is for us to choose the

right definition in our research.

That is very important.

So when you have an assignment to do definitions are

important, but what you have to do is to choose

the right definition that will suit your research.

Question, your assignment.

All right.

So now moving on.

We've got we've covered the first one definitions.

Now let's look at types of researchers.

Okay, So when we say types of researchers, we have

got analytical descriptive scientific, a non scientific and argumentative.

All right.

So, if you look at descriptive research, okay, if you

look at descriptive research, descriptive research as the name spells

out. It's very uh descriptive in the sense that it

describes a scenario, a situation.

So, usually surveys in fact finding inquiries are done in

a descriptive research and a descriptive research is supposed to

describe the exact state of situation.

No exaggeration, no analysis.

What you see is what you report.

That is descriptive research.

Right? So for example, if you look at the picture

here, what you see is what you say.

So we can say its a colorful picture.

We can say there are many colours.

We can talk about the shades of color but we

don't have to get into the depth of whether it's

beautiful, ugly because you will get into interpretation.

So getting into interpretation is not part of descriptive research.

But when you say there are few tons of color,

that is what we see.

So that's okay.

When you say there are blue yellow shades of green,

that's acceptable because that's what you see.

So that is what we mean by descriptive research.

All right.

So moving on.

Next is argumentative research, argumentative research is where you take

your stand um on an issue whether you agree or

disagree. And the thing that argumentative research is you don't

just come out with statements I disagree.

But you have got to substantiate, you've got to back

up your idea, your your opinion.

That's very important.

So what's important here is you've got to substantiate your

opinion and argumentative research is also there is a genre

behind it.

So there are six simple steps.

When you want to work on an argumentative paper first

is to introduce the topic for example, let's say we

want to talk about legalization of gay marriage.

Again, not all topics will be suitable for an argumentative

research. Okay topic like legalization of gay marriage is a

suitable topic for argumentative research because you've got to take

a stand whether you agree on disagree.

So, first to introduce what is gay marriage?

You can talk about LGBT and so on and then

talk about problem statement.

Why, what is the issue?

What is the problem we have with this in this

area in this matter?

And then the third one is body of paper where

you provide reasons, this is the part where it was

you know, mentioned in the earlier slide, we were saying

that you have got to substantiate your idea.

So this is what we mean by, you know, supporting

your ideas so that the body of paper and then

moving on counter arguments.

It's very interesting, argumentative research is a type of research

where you do not just look at things from your

own perspective.

Yes, you may agree.

Yes, you may disagree, but it is also very important

for you to look from the opponent's point of view.

At one point in argumentative, you have got to look

at the matter from the opposite point of view.

So that makes you as a very wide and broad

thinker And then the 5th step is assumptions.

So assumptions are very strong arguments to unpack your opinion.

Okay, from agreeing then you look at the opposite point

of view.

Now you have to go back to your viewpoint.

So that's where you've got to substantiate further substantial your

idea and developed and develop your discussion.

So, in your discussion, you can also draw your conclusion

to support your point of view with sufficient evidence.

So that is what we mean by argumentative message.

All right?

So moving on, analytical research is the opposite of descriptive

research or perhaps not the opposite, but the extension of

descriptive research.

Because to be an analytical thinker, you should be you

should be able to be a descriptive writer.

You should be able to look at it.

You should you should be able to describe the event

and then you take it further by and analyzing what

you have seen, what you have hurt, what you felt.

All right, So in an analytical research, you're doing a

research to become an expert in a particular topic.

So in the end, what you will be doing is

you will contribute your thoughts your idea to the academic

discussion by drawing some conclusions about your topic.

For example, look at this banner here.

Okay. It says billionaires in space.

All right.

So, um it takes millions.

It takes millions of dollars to go to the space.

So it's like, okay, where did you go for your

holiday? Oh, I went to the moon.

It's that kind of holiday.

So these are billionaires who could spend millions.

You have to go to the space.

So this is something very subjective because some people think

it's a waste of money because um you could help

the poor, you could help so many people on this

earth instead of just going to the moon as a

visitor. Some people think it is a good exposure.

So again this open absolute argumentative, but you can also

look at it from an analytical point of view, meaning

um you know, why do you think this is a

good idea?

Is the money worth, spent the millions and millions?

So if we don't do this, what kind of things

were missing in life?

So when you do this kind, when you ask yourself

questions like this, automatically your you will become an analytical

thinker. It becomes an analytical research.

All right, So this is the skill we are looking

at. This is what we want to groom you in

this model in this course to be an analytical thinker.

Alright? So even if you're doing argumentative research, you have

to be analytical.

So analytical thinking is a base.

It's a foundation for you to do many models in

this pre university program.

Okay, moving on.

Okay, so this is another general area.

Research can be divided into um scientific research and non

scientific research.

So broadly speaking, a particular research.

Same. A particular topic can fall under the category of

scientific, it can also be non scientific.

For example, if you look at this picture here, Okay,

this is not photoshopped, this is a natural phenomenon, The

Northern Lights.

Yeah. So if you look at this phenomena, you can

look at it from two point of views, you can

look at it from two perspectives.

If you look at it from the scientific perspective, scientists

say that this happens because of the collusion of particles.

So when the guess is they you know, they admit

this colors.

So that's why it's very colorful, basically it's something to

do with the magnetic force and so on.

So that's the scientific explanation behind the Northern Lights.

But if you look at it from the non scientific

perspective, they really believe that this is actually from their

ancestors. They believe this is from the ancestors.

These are the hunters who are watching you from the

sky and blessing you the Inuits believe in this.

So this is how we look at research from scientific

and non scientific point of view.

All right, so moving on the last component basic research

elements. Okay, um earlier when we were looking at argumentative

research, you came across the word the phrase statement of

problem. Yeah, our problem statement.

So basically what is without statement of problem, there is

no need to do research.

So, the whole idea of doing research.

When you go back to the definition part is to

solve a problem of problems.

So number one statement of problem, you have to discuss

what has gone wrong and a good research problem.

Should identify the gaps.

The gaps in the research to contribute to the existing

body of knowledge.

You should add more information and details to what we

have at the moment, and it should lead to future

researchers as well.

All right, so this is a statement of problem.

Okay. There are three parts here ideal reality and consequences.

So an ideal a problem of statement.

Okay, an ideal problem.

A statement should describe the goal and then the second

part of problem statement.

You should talk about the reality.

What prevents from achieving the goal?

And the last statement talks about how to solve the.

Introduction to Research (Part 2)

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