Phrases

Hi students today, we're talking about phrases. This is our next grammar concept.

To go along with this video in your playlist you have a study guide on phrases.

I'm going to go through the definitions

of what phrases are and their subcategories.

And then in class as a whole group we're going to practice on classifying.

We're identifying different types of phrases.

So first let's start with a definition. What is afraid

a phrase is a group of words working together as a single part of speech,

a single unit without a subject verb combination.

So a subject is a noun.

That is the thing that we're talking about in the sentence

and a verb as you know is an action word.

So phrases are missing one or both within them so they are not complete.

They cannot stand alone by themselves,

phrases are functioning as one part of speech.

Groups of words working together as one unit.

So let's take a look at some different types of phrases that we can see in sentences.

The first one goes along with what we learned about verbals.

Remember verbals are words that were verbs

but they're now functioning as other parts of speech.

So we learned that barons were verbs but now they're functioning as nouns.

No one is doing the action. We're just talking about it Jared's always end in I. N. G.

So a gerund phrase taking a little bit further

is a group of words not a complete sentence that acts like a noun.

So Jared phrases begin with an I. N. G. Verb

or a different

a noun or a prepositional phrase.

And then usually that follows

Jared phrases can be the subject of a sentence,

The subject complement for the direct object or object of preposition.

Let's take a look at some examples here,

staring into the eyes. A tiger can be frightening

here, staring into the eyes of a tiger. All of that is working together

as one part of speech. This thing can be frightening.

So since all of those words staring into the eyes of a tiger

is one thing that we're talking about and it starts with a Jared.

It's a gerund phrase.

Let's look at the 2nd 1. Harry Potter loved playing Quidditch.

What did he love playing quidditch here Playing quidditch

is a gerund phrase. It starts with our Jared playing.

But the whole thing we're talking about,

the whole thing is playing quidditch so we're

grouping them together as one part of speech.

It starts with a Jared

it's a gerund phrase,

gnomes indulge in playing tricks on people.

No one's doing it right now we're just talking about it. What did gnomes indulge in?

What do they enjoy doing?

Playing tricks on people

here? Playing tricks on people is one thing that they like.

So since we're talking about one thing with a group of

words being chunked together and it starts with a Jared playing

that's going to be a gerund phrase?

Let's look at the last one.

The artists loved painting pictures with oils.

What did the artists love

painting pictures with oils.

This is one thing,

but notice how it's a group of words functioning together as one thing.

Playing pictures.

Painting pictures with oils is going to be one action.

One thing that the artist loves. So that's going to be a gerund phrase.

So Jared phrases are pretty simple to identify because they

start with ar verbs that end in I N.

G. And no one is doing the action. We're talking about it.

Let's take a look at our next type of phrase,

infinitive phrases.

So just like we learned Darren's with verbals,

we also learned infinitives and we know infinitives start with to plus a verb.

So an infinitive phrase

is a group of words. Not a complete sentence

that acts like a known

Infinitive phrases begin with the word two followed by of her.

Let's look at some examples. Here

to go home again

was what Dorothy wanted most.

So I can ask myself what did Dorothy want most

to go home again

to go home again is a thing that she wants.

Those words are working together as one unit and it starts with an infinitive to go.

So since it starts with an infinitive and it's a

group of words working as one part of speech.

This is an infinitive phrase.

Let's look at the next one.

Dorothy's utmost desire was to return to Kansas.

What was her greatest desire

to return to Kansas?

This is a thing that she wants here we have to plus a verb, so that's an infinitive,

starting us off.

And that whole group of words is working together as one unit.

So this is an infinitive phrase.

Dorothy hoped to see the flatlands of Kansas again.

What did she hoped

again? All of those words are working together as one unit.

One thing that she's hoping and it starts with an infinitive,

that's an infinitive phrase

and the last one here,

Dorothy had an important question

to ask. The Wizard of Oz

here.

This one is functioning as an adjective but to ask the Wizard of Oz,

all of that is working together as one unit describing her question.

It starts with to plus a verb, so it's going to be an infinitive phrase.

Easy,

let's take a look at the next type of phrase

prepositional phrases.

A prepositional phrase is

a group of words, not a complete sentence

that is made up of a preposition,

which shows us where something is located plus an object,

something that shows us its position.

So prepositional phrases usually act like nouns adjectives

or adverbs

anytime you have a group of words working

together that shows where something is located,

that's going to be a prepositional phrase.

Let's look at some examples,

The wolf in the next room

wants to become a vegetarian here in the next room

is a group of words working together

to show location. It starts with that preposition in

and then it has the direct object, the next room that shows where

the noun is located,

the next one. The nurse shark swam across the ocean. Here. Across the ocean

is our prepositional phrase. It shows where something is located.

It starts with our preposition word which is across.

And then we have our direct object showing position um where the subject is.

So this is the ocean functioning as our object.

And in the last one in the dark dark cave is where Hansel's cousin got lost. Here

in the dark dark cave is going to be our prepositional phrase.

We start with our proposition in

and then we have our direct object some extra

words in here showing the position of the subject.

So here these are groups of words working together as

one unit to show the location of our subject.

These are called prepositional phrases.

Okay, we have three more and you will be done.

Next up we have another piece from our verbal collection.

So we did Darrin's and then we looked at Jared phrases. We know infinitives.

We looked at infinitive phrases.

So now we're looking at participle phrases and these start with participles.

So we know participles were verbs there

now functioning as adjectives are descriptive words.

So as you can guess just like with Jared phrases and infinitive phrases.

Participle phrases are groups of words working together as one unit that start with

a participle.

So let's take a look at some of these.

Now remember participles describe things are functioning as adjectives.

So participle phrases are extra in there to help us describe a noun.

So here,

for example, banished from Mount Olympus.

Hercules found a job as a rodeo clown

banished from Mount Olympus is describing Hercules.

So this whole group of words here is

functioning as an adjective banished from Mount Olympus.

This whole group of words working together as one adjective if you will to describe.

Hercules notice it starts it starts with banished

which is our verbal banish is a verb,

something you can do but here

it's describing.

So it's functioning as an adjective notice common endings for participles E. D.

Which we see here E. N. And I. N. G.

Which is why we need to be careful when we're looking

at them compared to Jared's because Jared's always end in I.

N. G.

Let's look at the one above that one amused at what he read in his comic book.

The teacher laughed out loud

here, amused at what he read in his comic book is describing.

The teacher.

All those words are working together as one adjective. Who's the teacher?

The one amused at what he read in his comic book again,

we're starting our participle phrase with our participle amused.

You can amuse someone that's a verb here.

It's being used as an adjective ends in our key letters E. D.

So that makes it a participle phrase.

One way you can check to see if a participle phrase is a participle phrase is

to remove it from the sentence and read it and the sentence should still make sense.

So here if I take out um use of what he read in his comic book and I throw it away.

The teacher laughed out loud is a sentence in itself and can still stand

similarly the one before that if I take out

banished from Mount Olympus and I throw it away,

Hercules found a job as a rodeo clown still makes sense. It's still sentence.

So participle phrases are not necessary.

We can remove them from the sentences and it still makes sense.

It's just an extra group of words working

together as a description or as an adjective.

Alright, two more and you're done.

A positives.

A positive phrases are probably the easiest to identify out of all of the phrases

because there are no verbs or um

nouns within the a positive phrase.

It's just an extra little description usually starting with articles. The And uh

so here in a positive phrase is a group of words,

not a complete sentence that follows the noun and

is often with the subject of the sentence.

In a positive phrase restates the noun

and it gives more precise information about the noun that follows it.

Many of positive phrases are made up of articles

and in the plus an adjective

plus an ounce.

Positive.

Um Also include participle phrases, prepositional phrases,

infinitive phrases and clauses.

The key way to identify these is they usually are

separated from the rest of the sentence with commas.

So when you have two commas around a group of words working

together to describe something that's usually going to be in a positive.

So let's take a look at the first one here, in the example, Jack, the fastest horse

won the race

here, The fastest horse is describing Jack.

It's set apart from the rest of the sentence

with commas and it starts with an article the

that's going to be in a positive, similar to participle phrases,

you can remove them from the sentence and it still makes sense.

Um phrases don't have subject from combos,

so usually we can just take them out and read the

sentence and the sentence is still perfectly fine without them.

Let's take a look at the next one.

Sidney Crosby, the best hockey player is an asset to the Pittsburgh Penguins.

So here we have two commas separating our description from the rest of the sentence.

We start with our article the

um and then we have our description. Best hockey player.

So again, I can remove that from the sentence.

Sidney Crosby is an asset to the pathetic penguins and it still makes sense

the way we identify this as a positive.

Again, there's commas on either side of it,

separating it from the rest of the sentence and it starts

with an article and then it has our adjective and noun.

So these do not have verbs in them.

You will never really see a verb within in a positive phrase.

You could see verbals in there but you're not going

to see a verb and in a positive phrase.

Okay, here's our very last type of phrase which is a verb phrase.

So verb phrases are very easy to identify because it's

just a bunch of verbs working together as one verbs.

A very praise combines

With a subject to create a complete sentence.

A verb phrase is when multiple verbs work together as one

with this, when we can't take these out of the sentence, we need very praises.

So here the muses must have been inspiring.

Hercules must have been inspiring all of that.

Working together as a verb phrase groups of verbs working together as one verb,

the next one the boxer might be waiting for a worthy opponent to battle,

might be waiting.

All of these are verbs working together as one verb phrase

and the last one. Dorothy's family was going to be waiting for her return for a while

was a verb going a verb to be verb waiting verb.

All of these working together as one giant verb is a verb phrase

and that's all we have

Phrases

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