Week 12 - 3 Kitcher

In this video, we will study the text by Philip

Teacher who is, um, very well known philosopher from Colombia,

one of the one of the most important philosophers nowadays.

And he wrote, um, attacks for this volume, especially for

this volume in 2017.

So this is a a fairly new reflection about what

to do with climate change.

And the name is climate challenge and and we will

see. We'll see why is his name So Teacher said

that between the various problems of of climate change, some

of the I want major problem is that people underestimated

because he says he has underestimated for two reasons.

Three reasons.

First, because there is a tendency to overlook at aviation's

around the new means.

So people say, Oh, the climate will increasing whatever like

four degrees Celsius.

And then that stops like coming about.

The climate change stops there.

They didn't they don't see the floats and the fires

and all the bad things that will come with that

increase in the temperature.

Second, he says, the effects are taken in isolation without

considering the ways in which they will all combine and

interact. So they think all the Maybe there will be

flu float.

Maybe there will be fires again that ends there, but

they don't see how that affects, uh, the economy, how

that affects our way of living, etcetera.

And third, he said by that, by controlling on the

clear and practical dangers, some of the most devastating devastating

scenarios are downplays devastating scenarios such as conflict and tension

between between different countries due to immigration caused by this

by, uh, by global change, they don't consume the trust

cause to water wars or the possibility of devastating pandemics.

Well, right now, I guess that we know something about

that. So he says, Okay, there are this problem, but

there is also so because there are all of these

problems, we cannot just like a stay like sit, sit

tight and wait for the for the problems to solve

themselves. We need to do something right.

We need to enter in this moment of transition, where

we of reduction and replacement, the reduction of, uh, dirty

energies of, uh, the reduction of green house gate gases.

Um, the reduction of transports, the reduction of eating meat

because, as he says, between 10% and 30% of the

current annual emissions of ring houses comes from comes from

breeding domestic animals for me and using the standard fertilizers

fertilizers. So we need to reduce those emissions, those technologies

and replaced by green energy bye bye new my new

ways to acquire a holic energy or solar energy or

so on.

So this seems to be something something like an emergency

in the sense that if we don't do that, then

we'll have all those bad effects of the climate change

with which obviously are not only climatic but, more importantly,

are socially political politically, probably militarily, uh, worrisome.

So, he says.

But this at the same time, reduction and replacement of

these technologies will create other problems, and this is what

he called the climate challenge.

The problem is that we have four duties according to

capture that cannot be fulfilled.

At the same time, he said.

The first of these are going to future generations, uh,

so basically to, uh, to keep the to prevent the

catastrophic effects of climate change.

This is what we have talked about.

But also we have other other duties.

The second doing, he says, is that it's our duty

to basically poor people, right?

Poor people from from any poor people from our country.

This is like the first one.

The third dream, which is that is that it's similar

to but different to the second one is our duty

to people.

Uh huh.

The duty of rich countries towards poorer countries.

So even if the second again, it's just a duty

to the poor.

People can be satisfied by a duty of, uh, of

the people in one's country.

The third one is a little bit different because it

imposed it imposes particular obligations to the wealthiest countries.

We will.

We'll talk more about this history, and the last one

is or do you to transmit to order sentences the

most valuable part of seminary touch discoveries, the institutions and

their little achievements that have improved life prospects.

So good things.

Music. What art?

Very important books, uh, philosophy, right technology.

So we want that we want we have a duty

to prevent climate change, but also we want to do

it to the future generations to enjoy the life that

we have, which is a you can imagine.

In two centuries ago, nobody believed that could they could

have a certain kind of like that.

The that the life expectancy will be, what, eight years?

And that you can have a, uh, you can you

can eat sushi in a restaurant, uh, in your down

in your town, in the during the other side of

the world, from Japan and and all that good stuff

and the technology or the communication.

So we have all these four duties, and it seems

difficult to comply or kitchen there with kitchen will say

the problem, the climate, The climate challenge is to comply,

to satisfy the four of them, he says.

It is not possible, so he will talk us through

some ideas of how, like some arguments of some people

who would, who would sacrifice one duty in exchange of

fulfilling the other one.

And some people, he says, says that economic growth will

take care of climate change or more, basically, economy.

If we promote economic growth growth, then future generations will

be so rich that they will be able to, uh,

adapt and solve climate change by let's imagine, you create

a transportation right or you are so rich that you

can create the transportation and then immigration doesn't seem like

a like a major problem because you can just move

from from the from the warmest parts of the world

to the to the ones that have a moderate the

A mother at climate, Right?

So basically, this is this is equal to say, Okay,

we have these four duties, but we don't have the

really to care about the first.

Do this because we can.

If we care about the other duties, then the climate

change will not be a problem.

But, he says.

But this is, uh, this is not a good solution.

There are problems with views.

First, he says, some of the predicted climate effects could

not be mitigated, given any foreseeable increasing global wealth.

So he says that immigration that will be that will

be the climate.

Refugees will hardly be recompense eight by the fact that

they live in a materially more flew in the world.

So some people, I mean, some analysts says that this

already happened in Syria, for example, that the immigration to

Europe was it wasn't part of the world, but that

they were.

But the the origin of the war in Syria was

to draw the some rules of the road that lead,

uh, lead people to move from place to another and

people to create property and create the conditions to work.

So the climate refugees could not.

It doesn't seem that we can just compensate people who

have to move from their homeland to another country with

economic growth.

And that is what the teacher says.

The second problem with this maybe, maybe a little bit

more clear than the first problem is that, uh, the

view, let's see the view that said that economic growth

will be a solution fails to take into account the

shock administered to the global economy from the specter change

in the air climate.

So this is this is, uh this point is to

say that if when when there is a climate cannot

be the climate change, the very economic growth will be

will be, will enter in crisis and will receive the

heat of this climate change.

Uh, and you can see if in in Texas, for

example, if you have this, uh, this is no all

your production need to stop.

It comes with with with major losses for for businesses

and for the people in general.

So he says, If we only if we just didn't

care. If we just don't care about the first duty,

then we'll have these problems and actually will not be

as rich as we think.

Uh, some other people say, Do we have do?

Do we reach countries have a duty to help developing

countries? Um, they will say, Look, we only need to

care about our poor but we cannot care about the

poor of other countries like that is a the The

governments of other countries should care about their their own

poor as what?

That's what this argument will say.

But this will be, uh, this will be a problem,

too, because because again, the effect of the replacement of

the of the of the technologies and the reduction of

the of the polluting technologies will will have more will

impoverish more people in the countries that are already poor

than in the countries of the countries that are rich.

So that's one problem that could cause immigrations again.

But also, uh, he says, there is a There are

two elementary ideas about justice that require that a fluent

world to provide funds so that the rest of the

world may develop using green technologies.

So these are two ideas that impose a particular obligation

of the rich countries.

First is the idea that, uh, the rich countries actually

benefited all this time from polluting energies and became rich

in that sense.

So now they have a duty to those so, too,

they have a duty to those that have not developed,

but still that suffered the consequences of the economic growth

of the rich countries.

The second, the second idea is that is that if

there is a group and we have a common problem

as a group like climate change, one would expect that

that those who have the ability to solve the problem

will solve right, And in this case, the countries with

more, uh, with means with more money, with more resources

will, are are the ones who are expected to do

something because they are the ones who can, Basically, if

you can, you should if you can and nobody else

can do it.

Then you acquire a particular obligation.

Uh, that's why he promotes global action.

We have this, uh, Paris accord.

This picture of the Paris accord.

That and and his idea is that all nations of

the world needs to participate in this reduction and replace

and place policies.

Um, he says that actually, we need to understand this

as a common enemy.

Climate change, a common enemy.

I unite in a pine human alliance, an alliance in

a war against the enemy.

Uh, so maybe we maybe, I mean, kitchen was not

thinking about that, but maybe we have learned something in

this in this alliance that we have help from covid

or to to fight covid.

So? So the idea also is that if different different

nations work together, they can experiment with solutions to the

climate challenge.

Right? So so far, we don't have any solution to

satisfy the four duties.

But Kitchen says if we have different nations who try

different things, maybe we can find a solution.

Uh, they can experiment and we can find a solution.

But for experiment to work, we require safety nets.

We require that the those who experiment and didn't fail

help those who fail.

We require full transparency to have all the information of

all the other experiments.

And we required that that does countries that fail are

given new opportunities.

So we need the experimentation to deal with this problem,

and we need a and we needed that.

Everyone participates because Kit Church said that this will fulfill

the three conditions for a good ethical decision.

The first is that all perspectives represented second, that those

perspective must be reshaped in light of best developed information.

And third, that discussion must be mutually engaged, seeking a

solution with which all can live.

So he says that a upon human alliance school fulfill

those decisions.

But the curious problem is that all the perspective must

be represented, but also the so that means that the

perspective of the future can be must be represented in

this, uh, in the span of human alliances.

Alliance, um, alliance.

So what he says is that we need to create

a popular movement or he's a philosophy can just one

of what is happening and kinda can invite us to

act. But But in fact, what we require is a

popular movement to push the governments of the world to

act together and learn from each other

Week 12 - 3 Kitcher

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