HST of engineering final

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by Elise Tucker3 views·Updated Oct 5, 2023
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  1. Hi guys. This is module five history of before and during the Cold War.
  2. Here we look at the four phases of military
  3. influence on American engineering to divide this module.
  4. The first phase is after the war of independence into the civil war.
  5. During this phase, the West Point
  6. introduces the army corps of engineers,
  7. a large part of invention during this time
  8. was interchangeable gun parts for the military.
  9. This was contracted by Eli Whitney in 17 98
  10. and was not achieved but began research for production
  11. in the second phase. From the civil war to the to World War One,
  12. there is less military influence
  13. with engineering and less technological breakthrough
  14. between 18 60
  15. into the early 20th century land grant colleges expanded engineering education
  16. and corporations expanded engineering for employment.
  17. The third phase is between World war one and World War two.
  18. And this time the US spent $1 billion on research and development.
  19. Outside of the Manhattan project was spent about $2 billion
  20. before World war one.
  21. The US military gets the naval consulting board under
  22. the lead of Thomas Edison to invent new technologies
  23. after the war.
  24. Networks like this are eliminated but there is no
  25. demobilization for the military for the first time ever,
  26. which sets a new relationship between the government and military engineers as
  27. scientists and engineers work directly with
  28. their armed forces instead of just consulting
  29. in the third phase.
  30. A lot of inventions are improved like jet engines and anti aircraft weapons,
  31. but a lot are also invented like radar, nuclear bombs, computers.
  32. At this time,
  33. the rad lab at MIT had a lot of engineers work
  34. on military projects which later became the military industrial complex.
  35. During the Cold War.
  36. The Eniac
  37. was developed at the University of Pennsylvania.
  38. In turn in England design a computer to break the enigma machine and code for the anti
  39. in America.
  40. World War two leads into the Cold War and
  41. technology is taken to new levels of invention.
  42. In the fourth and final phase.
  43. The Cold War
  44. between 1945 and 1991.
  45. A lot of military prep was built and invented but was
  46. not used outside of the exceptions like Vietnam and Afghanistan,
  47. the Cold War largely was a conflict between
  48. the US and Soviet Union over military forces
  49. and sliding between free market, capitalism and communism.
  50. In this stage, Sage was Vur
  51. to link computers and radar systems to provide early warning of
  52. Soviet Union bombers but wasn't ready before ICBM replaced bombers.
  53. Atlas rockets in the space race were a large part of the Cold War.
  54. This brought creation of NASA.
  55. We also introduced ICBM satellites, SD I which failed, we improved aircraft,
  56. telecommunications and Arpanet which led to the internet,
  57. internet as well as nuclear proliferation.
  58. Because of the Cold War.
  59. It can be argued that the world is less safe and it can also be counter argued
  60. nuclear weapons invented
  61. were invented but also could be seen as a deterrent because
  62. neither side would launch the bombs making it a safer world.
  63. The war was funded
  64. by taxpayer money which could be argued that the money
  65. could have been used for better conditions for America.
  66. Universities also played a large part in research which could be argued,
  67. took professors away from research from schools but
  68. also funded many colleges for better conditions.
  69. The Cold War ends between 1989 with the fall of
  70. the Berlin Wall and 1991 with the Soviet Union disbanded.