cell signalling

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by Lydia Prendergast1 view·Updated Apr 18, 2022
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  1. Hi, my name is Lydia Prendergast.
  2. And today I'm going to be giving a
  3. short video presentation on extra cellular signaling.
  4. So to get started,
  5. I want to explain what cellular signaling is and
  6. then break down what extra cellular signaling is.
  7. And also explain the metaphor I'll be using throughout this video.
  8. So cellular signaling is basically just how cells communicate to each other.
  9. Just like any other life form cells need to be able to communicate to
  10. each other to get their basic needs met as well as perform their functions.
  11. So extra cellular signaling,
  12. What we'll be focusing on today is communication throughout
  13. separate cells instead of communication within a single cell.
  14. And the metaphor that I will be using today to
  15. help explain the topic is the is explaining it.
  16. Like we're talking about roommates who all live in a household.
  17. So in this example,
  18. the cells would be the roommates having to communicate with each
  19. other and the house would be the body or the plant,
  20. whatever life form we're talking about.
  21. So the first method of signaling
  22. would be endocrine signaling.
  23. And this one I would like into a group chat.
  24. So if you need to pay the bills or the utilities for the month,
  25. it might be hard to gather everybody in the same room at the same time because
  26. everybody who lives in this house does need to know so they can pay their dues.
  27. Um but at least for me as a college student,
  28. it's really hard to get all my roommates in the same place
  29. uh in my living situations I've been in in a couple of years, people have classes,
  30. people of works whatever.
  31. Um So the easiest way to make sure that everybody, no matter how far away they are,
  32. receives the message is through a group chat.
  33. So to explain endocrine signaling itself a little bit. It is a very public form.
  34. Um and hormones are the messenger hormones
  35. are released or secreted into the bloodstream.
  36. Um and then from there they reach their target cells. So
  37. not all cells are going to pick up on this message.
  38. It really depends on the hormone that's released.
  39. For example, the hormone epinephrine might be released.
  40. This is the hormone mainly associated with adrenaline.
  41. So if you are put in a fight or flight response where
  42. your body is going to be very amped up on adrenaline,
  43. um your body will release epinephrine and
  44. cause multiple different things to occur,
  45. such as an increased heart rate or increased blood pressure to help
  46. your body prepare to get out of that dangerous situation quickly.
  47. Our next form of signaling we're gonna be talking about is para cream
  48. signaling and I would like this like in this to a group meeting.
  49. So if you need to say something to the household, like, hey guys,
  50. I'm having a friend over in like five minutes, someone's coming over,
  51. you might just have a quick group meeting with whoever is around you,
  52. whoever is home.
  53. So unlike um epinephrine in secret or endocrine signaling.
  54. This only takes place with those who are local,
  55. who those are nearby people who aren't home don't necessarily need to hear this.
  56. Um you just need to let those around you know
  57. so para green signaling specifically um to go into the
  58. details it diffuses locally and it uses local mediators.
  59. So it's one cell communicating to those around it those
  60. within like metaphorical reaching distance what needs to happen.
  61. And the specific example with this one I would use is the epidermal growth factor.
  62. So let's say you get a cut on your hand,
  63. the skin around it needs to communicate with
  64. each other is saying that it needs to heal
  65. the if you get a cut on your hand you don't need the cells on
  66. your foot to receive that message because it just isn't of any use to them.
  67. My next form of signaling would be neuronal signaling
  68. and this I would like into word of mouth. So
  69. let's say you're saying hey melissa can you tell johnny this?
  70. And then Melissa goes to doug and
  71. she says hey doug can you tell johnny this?
  72. And it continues kind of through this game
  73. of telephone until it reaches the desired target.
  74. It's only reaching one person but it is moving through multiple cells to do so
  75. um it is however a lot faster than a game of telephone would be.
  76. But to specifically talk about the
  77. the method of neuronal signaling. It uses nerves and it uses neurotransmitters.
  78. So the cell the signal excuse me is going to move through the nerve
  79. um and move through the nerve itself as an electrical signal and then be released
  80. through these axon terminals or these or those that that is the axon terminals.
  81. Excuse me.
  82. It will be released into the synapse
  83. as a neurotransmitter or a chemical reaction and
  84. be picked up by the next nerve and continue all the way until it reaches
  85. the nerve that it's supposed to end up in.
  86. So specifically the word the example I would use and that
  87. I have used to explain this concept to actually Children.
  88. Um is let's say you touch a hot stove.
  89. That signal needs to go all the way up to your brain to tell your
  90. hand to release or move your hand away from that object as quickly as possible.
  91. And to do so it has to again
  92. travel travel through those multiple nerve cells.
  93. And our final method of signaling would be faced.
  94. Ah would be sorry,
  95. signal mediated cell communication which I would like into face to face.
  96. So let's say you need um you're just telling someone hey can
  97. I use the bathroom or hey can you pick up after yourself?
  98. Um This is direct physical contact.
  99. So you are in direct contact with that person or in the sales
  100. case they have to be physically touching to send and receive this message.
  101. So it's the shortest
  102. distance between cells.
  103. And a good example of this could be embryonic development.
  104. So to know what um these stem cells need to differentiate into,
  105. they have to be touching.
  106. You don't want a um an area that's supposed to turn into a leg to contain a lung cell.
  107. So they're sending these messages to each other saying, hey,
  108. we're developing into this body part so the fetus can develop correctly.
  109. And with that, that is my video. I'm so sorry.
  110. I went over a little bit,
  111. but I hope this was helpful and enlightening to those who watched.
  112. Thank you again for your time.